Corporate Governance, Shareholder Monitoring and Cost of Debt in Malaysia
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32804
Corporate Governance, Shareholder Monitoring and Cost of Debt in Malaysia

Authors: Zulkufly Ramly

Abstract:

This paper attempts to investigate the effect of corporate governance and shareholder monitoring mechanisms on cost of debt of Malaysian listed firms. We assess the quality of corporate governance using comprehensive corporate governance index, which consists of 139 items in six broad categories. We classify shareholder monitoring mechanisms into concentrated ownership, family, insider and government ownerships. Using panel sample from 2003 to 2007, regression results show that high corporate governance quality and concentrated ownership lower firm cost of debt. Debt issuers consider board structure and procedures, board compensation practices, accountability and audit, transparency and social and environmental activities as integral components of a good corporate governance framework.

Keywords: Corporate governance index, cost of debt, ownership structure, Malaysia.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1336266

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 3455

References:


[1] Shleifer, A. & R.W. Vishny (1997), ‘A Survey of Corporate Governance’, The Journal of Finance, 52: 737-783.
[2] Mohammed Haniffa, R. and M. Hudaib (2006), ‘Corporate Governance Structure and Performance of Malaysian Listed Companies’, Journal of Business Finance and Accounting, 33 (7): 1034-1062.
[3] Samad, F. (2004), ‘Corporate Governance and Ownership Concentration: Firm-Level Evidence from Malaysia’, Advances in Financial Economics, 9: 221-245.
[4] Jensen, M. & W. Meckling (1976), ‘Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behaviour, Agency Costs and Ownership Structure’, Journal of Financial Economics, 3: 305-360.
[5] Anderson, R.C., S.A. Mansi & D.M. Reeb (2003), ‘Founding Family Ownership and the Agency Cost of Debt’, Journal of Financial Economics, 68: 263-285.
[6] Jensen, M. (1986), ‘Agency Costs of Free Cash Flows, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers’, American Economic Review, LXXXVI: 322-329.
[7] Gilson, R. (2006), ‘Controlling Shareholders and Corporate Governance: Complicating the Comparative Taxonomy’, Harvard Law Review, 119: 1641-1683.
[8] Aslan, H. & P. Kumar (2009), ‘Controlling Shareholders and the Agency Cost of Debt: Evidence from Syndicated Loans’, Retrieved November, 17 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1334886
[9] Warga, A. & I. Welch (1993), ‘Bondholder Loses in Leveraged Buyouts’, Review of Financial Studies, 6: 959-982.
[10] Ramly, Z. (2012), ‘Impact of corporate governance quality on the cost of equity in an emerging market: evidence from Malaysian listed firms’, African Journal of Business Management, 6 (4): 1733-1748.
[11] Coles, J., N. Daniel & L. Naveen (2008), ‘Boards: Does One Size Fit All?’ Journal of Financial Economics, 87 (2): 329-356.
[12] Mitton, T. (2002), ‘A Cross-Firm Analysis of the Impact of Corporate Governance on the East Asian Financial Crisis’, Journal of Financial Economics, 64: 215-241.
[13] Liew, P.K. (2007), ‘Corporate Governance Reforms in Malaysia: The Key Leading Players’ Perspectives’, Corporate Governance: An International Review, 15 (2):724-740.
[14] Claessens, S., S. Djankov & H.P. Lang (2000), ‘The Separation of Ownership and Control in East Asian Corporations’, Journal of Financial Economics, 58: 81-112.
[15] Shim, S. (2006), ‘Governance in the Markets: Malaysian Perspective. Journal of Financial Crime, 13 (3): 300-322.
[16] Kean, O. & K.G. Cheah (2000), ‘Corporate Governance Codes: A Comparison between Malaysia and the UK’, Corporate Governance, 8 (2): 125-132.
[17] Ibrahim, H., F. Samad & A. Amir (2008), ‘Board Structure and Corporate Performance: Evidence from Public Listed Family-Ownership in Malaysia’, Retrieved June, 8 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1292182
[18] Ali, A. (2002), ‘Ethnicity, Foreign Investment and Strong Pragmatic Government: Towards Interpreting Accounting Progress in Malaysia’, unpublished paper. Shah Alam, Selangor: Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM).
[19] Abdul Rahman, R. (2006), Effective Corporate Governance. Shah Alam, Selangor: University Publication Centre (UPENA).
[20] McConaughy, D.L., M.C. Walker, G.V. Henderson & D. Mishra (1998), ‘Founding Family Controlled Firms: Efficiency and Value’, Review of Financial Economics, 7 (1): 1-19.
[21] Bhojraj, S. and P. Sengupta (2003), ‘The Effect of Corporate Governance on Bond Ratings and Yields: The Role of Institutional Investors and Outside Directors’, The Journal of Business, 76 (3): 455-475.
[22] Anderson, R.C., Mansi, S.A., & Reeb, D.M. (2004). Board characteristics, accounting report integrity and the cost of debt. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 37(3), 315-342.
[23] Pittman, J.A.& S. Fortin (2004), ‘Auditor Choice and the Cost of Debt Capital for Newly Public Firms’, Journal of Accounting and Economics, 27: 113-136.
[24] Klock, M.S., S.A. Mansi & W.F. Maxwell (2005), ‘Does corporate governance matter to bondholders?’, Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 40(4): 693-719.
[25] Blom, J., & M.B.J. Schauten (2006), ‘Corporate Governance and the Cost of Debt’, unpublished working paper. Rotterdam: Erasmus University and ABN-Amro Bank.
[26] Piot, C. & F. Missonier-Piera (2007), ‘Corporate Governance, Audit Quality and the Cost of Debt Financing of French Listed Firms’, Retrieved March, 13 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=960681
[27] Byun, H.Y. (2007), ‘The Cost of Debt Capital and Corporate Governance Practices’, Asia-Pacific Journal of Financial Studies, 36 (5): 765-806.
[28] Fields, L.P., D.R. Fraser & A. Subrahmanyam (2010), ‘Board Quality and the Cost of Debt Capital: The Case of Bank Loans’, Retrieved May 28, 2010. http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1590298
[29] Cremers, K.J.M., V. Nair & C. Wei. (2007), ‘Governance Mechanisms and Bond Prices. Review of Financial Studies, 20 (5): 1359-1388.
[30] Pham, P.K., J. Suchard &J. Zein (2008), ‘Corporate Governance Cost of Capital and Firm Performance: Evidence from Australian Firms’, Retrieved November, 30 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1015986
[31] Wang, A.W. & G. Zhang (2008), ‘The Help that May Hurt: on the Link between Institutional Ownership and the Cost of Debt Capital’, Retrieved June, 3 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract_id=1232542
[32] Boubakri, N. & H. Ghouma (2010), ‘Control/ownership Structure, Creditor Rights Protection, and the Cost of Debt Financing: International Evidence’, Journal of Banking and Finance, 34 (10): 2481-2499.
[33] Lin, C., Y. Ma, P. Malatesta & Y. Xuan (2010), ‘Ownership Structure and the Cost of Corporate Borrowing’, Retrieved May, 28 2010. http://ssrn.com/abstract=1522726
[34] La Porta, R., F. Lopez-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer & R.W. Vishny (1999), ‘Corporate Ownership around the World’, Journal of Finance, 54, (2): 471-519.
[35] Ellul, A., L. Guntay & U. Lel (2006), ‘External Governance and Debt Agency Costs of Family Firms’, Retrieved November, 17 2009. http://ssrn.com/abstract=687371
[36] Ang, J.A. & D.K. Ding (2006), ‘Government Ownership and the Performance of Government-Linked Companies: The Case of Singapore’, Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 16: 64-88.
[37] Putterman, L. (1993), ‘Ownership and the Nature of the Firm’, Journal of Comparative Economics, 17: 243-263.
[38] Vining, A.R. & A.E. Boardman (1992), ‘Ownership versus Competition: Efficiency in Public Enterprise’, Public Choice, 73: 205-39.
[39] Gomez, T. & J.K. Sundaram (2002), Malaysia’s Political Economy: Politics, Patronage and Profits (2nd.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[40] Mohd Ghazali, N.A.& P. Weetman (2006), ‘Perpetuating Traditional Influences: Voluntary Disclosure in Malaysia Following the Economic Crisis’, Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 15: 226-248.
[41] Black, B.S., H. Jang & W. Kim (2006), ‘Does Corporate Governance Affect Firms’ Market Values? Evidence from Korea’, Journal of Law, Economics and Organization, 22: 366-413.
[42] Chen, K.C.W., Z. Chen & K.C. Wei. (2009), ‘Legal Protection of Investors, Corporate Governance, and the Cost of Equity Capital’, Journal of Corporate Finance, 5 (3): 273-289.
[43] Donker, H., & S. Zahir (2008), ‘Towards an Impartial and Effective Corporate Governance Rating System’, Corporate Governance. 8 (1): 83-93.
[44] Botosan, C.A. (1997), ‘Disclosure Level and the Cost of Equity Capital’, The Accounting Review, 72 (3): 323-349.
[45] Pallant, J. (2002), Survival Manual: A Step by Step Guide to Data Analysis using SPSS. Philadelphia: Open University Press.
[46] Dunn, G. (1989), Design and analysis of reliability studies. London: Edward Arnold.
[47] Fleiss, J.L. (1981), ‘The measurement of interater agreement – statistical methods for rates and proportions’, (2nd edn), New York: John Wiley.
[48] Chu, E.Y. & K.G. Cheah (2006), ‘Does Ownership Structure Matter? Evidence from Malaysian Equity Market’, Corporate Ownership and Control, 4 (1): 77-90.
[49] Certo, S.T. & M. Semadeni (2006), ‘Strategy Research and Panel Data: Evidence and Implications’, Journal of Management, 32: 449-470.
[50] Monks, R. & N. Minnow (1995), Corporate Governance. New York: Blackwell Publishing.
[51] DeFond, M., & Jiambalvo, J. (1994). Debt covenant violations and manipulation of accruals. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 17, 145-176.
[52] Asquith, P. & T. Wizman (1990), ‘Event Risk, Covenants, and Bondholder Returns in Leveraged Buyouts’, Journal of Financial Economics, 27: 195-213.
[53] Mak, Y.T. and Y. Li (2001), ‘Determinants of Corporate Ownership and Board Structure: Evidence from Singapore’, Journal of Corporate Finance, 7 (3): 235-256.
[54] Wurgler, J. (2000), ‘Financial markets and the Allocation of Capital. Journal of Financial Economics, 58, 187-214.
[55] Tian, L.& S. Estrin (2005), ‘Retained State Shareholding in China Plcs: Does Government Ownership Reduce Corporate Value’, Discussion paper no. 1493, The Institute for the Study of Labor, Bonn, Germany.
[56] Xu, X.N. & Y. Wang (1999), ‘Ownership Structure and Corporate Governance in Chinese Stock Companies’, China Economic Review, 10: 75-98.
[57] Sundram, J.K. (1986), A Question of Class: Capital, the State and the Uneven Development in Malaya. Singapore: Oxford University Press.