{"title":"Impacts of Building Design Factors on Auckland School Energy Consumptions","authors":"Bin Su","volume":84,"journal":"International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":927,"pagesEnd":934,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9996681","abstract":"
This study focuses on the impact of school building design factors on winter extra energy consumption which mainly includes space heating, water heating and other appliances related to winter indoor thermal conditions. A number of Auckland schools were randomly selected for the study which introduces a method of using real monthly energy consumption data for a year to calculate winter extra energy data of school buildings. The study seeks to identify the relationships between winter extra energy data related to school building design data related to the main architectural features, building envelope and elements of the sample schools. The relationships can be used to estimate the approximate saving in winter extra energy consumption which would result from a changed design datum for future school development, and identify any major energy-efficient design problems. The relationships are also valuable for developing passive design guides for school energy efficiency.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tWHO, Air quality guidelines for Europe 2000 - Second Edition WHO Regional Publications. European Series, N91, 2000. \r\n[2]\tJ. Sateru, Finnish Society of Indoor Air Quality and Climate, ISIAQ-CIB TG 42 Performance criteria of buildings for health and comfort, published by CIB secretariat, No 292, 2004.\r\n[3]\tDBH, Compliance Document for New Zealand Building Code \u2013 Clause G5 Interior Environment.\u201d Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Building and Housing, 2001.\r\n[4]\tSANZ, New Zealand Standard 4303-1990 Ventilation for acceptable indoor air quality. Wellington, New Zealand: Standards Association of New Zealand, 1990. \r\n[5]\tJ. Morrissey, T. Moore, R.E. Horne, \"Affordable passive solar design in a temperate climate: an experiment in residential building orientation.\u201d Renewable Energy, vol. 36, no. 2, 568-577, 2011. \r\n[6]\tR. Gupta, R. B. Ralegaonkar, \"Estimation of beam radiation for optimal orientation and shape decision of buildings in India.\u201d Architectural Journal of Institution of Engineers India. vol. 85, pp. 27-32, 2004. \r\n[7]\tI. G. Capeluto, \"Energy performance of the self-shading building envelope.\u201d Energy and Buildings, vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 27-36, 2003. \r\n[8]\tT. Mingfang, \"Solar control for buildings.\u201d Building and Environment, vol. 37, no. 7, pp. 659-664, 2002. \r\n[9]\tU. T. Aksoy, M. Inalli, \"Impacts of some building passive design parameters on heating demand for a cold region.\u201d Building and Environment vol. 41, pp. 1742-1754, 2006.\r\n[10]\tW. Marks, \"Multicriteria optimisation of shape of energy-saving buildings.\u201d Building and Environment, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 331-339, 1997. \r\n[11]\tM. Adamski, \"Optimization of the form of a building on an oval base.\u201d Building and Environment, vol. 42, pp. 1632-1643, 2007.\r\n[12]\tG. A. Fluorides, S. A. Tasso, S. A. Kalogeria, L. C. Frobel, \"Measures used to lower building energy consumption and their cost effectiveness.\u201d Applied Energy, vol. 73, pp. 299-328, 2002. \r\n[13]\tP. Depicter, C. Menes, J. Virgin, S. \"Lepers, Design of building shape and energetic consumption.\u201d Building and Environment, vol. 36, pp. 627-635, 2001.\r\n[14]\tG. Manioglu, Z. Yilmaz, \"Economic evaluation of the building envelope and operation period of heating system in terms of thermal comfort.\u201d Energy and Buildings, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 266-272, 2006. \r\n[15]\tH. Radhi, \"A systematic methodology for optimising the energy performance of buildings in Bahrain.\u201d Energy and Buildings, vol. 40, no. 7, pp. 1297-1303, 2008. \r\n[16]\tB. Su, \"Building passive design and housing energy efficiency.\u201d Architectural Science Review, vol. 51 no. 3, pp. 277-286, 2008.\r\n[17]\tB. Su, \"The impact strength of building passive design on housing energy efficiency.\u201d Architectural Science Review, vol. 54, no. 4, pp. 270-276, 2011. \r\n[18]\tB. Su, \"School design and energy efficiency.\u201d World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 585-589, 2011. \r\n[19]\tB. Su, \"Hotel Design and Energy Consumption.\u201d World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, vol. 72, pp. 1655-1660, 2012.\r\n[20]\tSNZ, New Zealand Standard 4218-2009 Thermal insulation: housing and small buildings. Wellington, New Zealand: Standards New Zealand, 2009.\r\n","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 84, 2013"}