@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/857,
	  title     = {Calculation of the Forces Acting on the Knee Joint When Rising from Kneeling Positions (Effects of the Leg Alignment and the Arm Assistance on the Knee Joint Forces)},
	  author    = {S. Hirokawa and  M. Fukunaga and  M. Mawatari},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {Knee joint forces are available by in vivo measurement
using an instrumented knee prosthesis for small to moderate knee
flexion but not for high flexion yet. We created a 2D mathematical
model of the lower limb incorporating several new features such as a
patello-femoral mechanism, a thigh-calf contact at high knee flexion
and co-contracting muscles' force ratio, then used it to determine knee
joint forces arising from high knee flexions in four kneeling
conditions: rising with legs in parallel, with one foot forward, with or
without arm use. With arms used, the maximum values of knee joint
force decreased to about 60% of those with arms not used. When rising
with one foot forward, if arms are not used, the forward leg sustains a
force as large as that sustained when rising with legs parallel.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering},
	  volume    = {7},
	  number    = {2},
	  year      = {2013},
	  pages     = {111 - 116},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/857},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/74},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 74, 2013},
	}