@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/7934,
	  title     = {Evaluation of Cigarette Filters Rods as a Biofilm Carrier in Integrated Fixed Film Activated Sludge Process},
	  author    = {A. Sabzali and  M. Nikaeen and  B. Bina},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {The purpose of the experiments described in this article was the comparison of integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) and activated sludge (AS) system. The IFAS applied system consists of the cigarette filter rods (wasted filter in tobacco factories) as a biofilm carrier. The comparison with activated sludge was performed by two parallel treatment lines. Organic substance, ammonia and TP removal was investigated over four month period. Synthetic wastewater was prepared with ordinary tap water and glucose as the main sources of carbon and energy, plus balanced macro and micro nutrients. COD removal percentages of 94.55%, and 81.62% were achieved for IFAS and activated sludge system, respectively. Also, ammonia concentration significantly decreased by increasing the HRT in both systems. The average ammonia removal of 97.40 % and 96.34% were achieved for IFAS and activated sludge system, respectively. The removal efficiency of total phosphorus (TP-P) was 60.64%, higher than AS process by 56.63% respectively.
},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering},
	  volume    = {5},
	  number    = {3},
	  year      = {2011},
	  pages     = {583 - 588},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/7934},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/51},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 51, 2011},
	}