{"title":"A Study of the Garbage Enzyme's Effects in Domestic Wastewater","authors":"Fu E. Tang, Chung W. Tong","volume":60,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":887,"pagesEnd":893,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/6989","abstract":"
“Garbage enzyme", a fermentation product of kitchen waste, water and brown sugar, is claimed in the media as a multipurpose solution for household and agricultural uses. This study assesses the effects of dilutions (5% to 75%) of garbage enzyme in reducing pollutants in domestic wastewater. The pH of the garbage enzyme was found to be 3.5, BOD concentration about 150 mg\/L. Test results showed that the garbage enzyme raised the wastewater-s BOD in proportion to its dilution due to its high organic content. For mixtures with more than 10% garbage enzyme, its pH remained acidic after the 5-day digestion period. However, it seems that ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus could be removed by the addition of the garbage enzyme. The most economic solution for removal of ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus was found to be 9%. Further tests are required to understand the removal mechanisms of the ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] Husain, M., and Husain, Q. \"Applications of Redox Mediators in the\r\nTreatment of Organic Pollutants by Using Oxidoreductive Enzymes: A\r\nReview\". Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology; vol. 38, No. 1., 2008\r\n[2] Tan, A. H. 2006. A study into a viable wastewater treatment system for a\r\ncommercial site in Sarawak. BEng, Curtin University Sarawak Campus\r\n[3] Lu, J., Huang, Q., and Mao, L. \"Removal of Acetaminophen Using\r\nEnzyme-Mediated Oxidative Coupling Processes: I. Reaction Rates and\r\nPathways\". Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, vol. 43, pp.7062-7067. 2009.\r\n[4] AI-Jasser, A.O. \"Enchancement of Sludge setting with Chemical\r\nAdditives\". Water Environment Research, Sep\/Oct 2009; Vol. 81, No.\r\n9. 2009.\r\n[5] Anonymous. 2002. At work on additives: Bio-additive aids nitrification,\r\ntreatment plant study... Water Engineering & Management; Oct 2002; vol. 149, no. 10; ABI\/INFORM Global pg. 41.\r\n[6] Lee, S., Hong, S., Sung, M. \"Removal and bioconversion of phenol in\r\nwastewater by a thermostable \u03b2-tyrosinase\". Enzyme and Microbial Technology, Vol., 19, pp 374 - 377, 1996\r\n[7] Cammarota, M.C., and Freire, D.M.G. \"A review on hydrolytic enzymes in the treatment of wastewater with high oil and grease\r\ncontent\". Bioresource Technology, Vol. 97, pp 2195 - 2210, 2006\r\n[8] Masse, L., Kennedy, K.J., and Chou, S.P. \"The effect of an enzymatic\r\npretreatment on the hydrolysis and size reduction of fat particles in\r\nslaughterhouse wastewater\". Journal of Chemical Technology and\r\nBiotechnology, Vol. 76, pp 629 - 635, 2001\r\n[9] Mendes, A.A., Ernandes, and B.P., Heizer, F. De Castro. \"Effect of the\r\nenzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment of lipids-rich wastewater on the\r\nanaerobic biodigestion\". Biochemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 32, pp\r\n185 - 190, 2006\r\n[10] Dur\u251c\u00e1n, N., and Esposito, E. \"Potential applications of oxidative enzymes\r\nand phenoloxidase-like compounds in wastewater and soil treatment: A\r\nreview\". Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 28, pp 83 - 99, 2000\r\n[11] How bacteria and enzymes work to digest organic wastes? n.d.\r\nhttp:\/\/www.microtack.com\/html (accessed March 14, 2010).\r\n[12] Zumdahl, S. S., 1996. Introductory Chemistry A Foundation Third Edition.\r\n[13] A Toast to Garbage. 26 July 2008\r\nhttp:\/\/thestar.com.my\/lifestyle\/story.asp?file=\/2008\/7\/26\/lifefocus\/1633121&sec=lifefocus (accessed August 27, 2011)\r\n[14] Uses of Garbage Enzyme. n.d. WWW.o3enzyme.com.\r\nhttp:\/\/www.o3enzyme.com (accessed June 5, 2010).\r\n[15] Waste not, want not, http:\/\/www.theedgemalaysia.com\/deco-agarden\/\r\n13080-waste-not-want-not.html (accessed April 28, 2010)\r\n[16] How to make garbage enzyme,\r\nhttp:\/\/www.o3enzyme.com\/enzymeproduction.htm (accessed March 16,2010)\r\n[17] Bae, S., and Makoto, S. Bacterial cellulose production by fed-batch\r\nfermentation in molasses medium. Biotechnol Prog. Vol. 20, pp. 1366-1371, 2004\r\n[18] Use Enzyme to Reduce Global Warming. n.d.\r\nhttp:\/\/www.o3enzyme.com\/thesolution.htm (accessed August 26, 2011)\r\n[19] Uses of Garbage Enzyme. n.d.\r\nhttp:\/\/www.o3enzyme.com\/enzymeusage.htm (accessed August 27,2011)\r\n[20] Hii, L. C. 2008. Characterization of wastewater and stormwater for small sites. BEng, Curtin University Sarawak Campus\r\n[21] Ngu, V. J., 2010. A study of performance of wastewater treatment systems in small sites. BEng. Curtin University Sarawak Campus","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 60, 2011"}