@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/2646,
	  title     = {Stability Optimization of Functionally Graded Pipes Conveying Fluid},
	  author    = {Karam Y. Maalawi and  Hanan E.M EL-Sayed},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {This paper presents an exact analytical model for
optimizing stability of thin-walled, composite, functionally graded
pipes conveying fluid. The critical flow velocity at which divergence
occurs is maximized for a specified total structural mass in order to
ensure the economic feasibility of the attained optimum designs. The
composition of the material of construction is optimized by defining
the spatial distribution of volume fractions of the material
constituents using piecewise variations along the pipe length. The
major aim is to tailor the material distribution in the axial direction so
as to avoid the occurrence of divergence instability without the
penalty of increasing structural mass. Three types of boundary
conditions have been examined; namely, Hinged-Hinged, Clamped-
Hinged and Clamped-Clamped pipelines. The resulting optimization
problem has been formulated as a nonlinear mathematical
programming problem solved by invoking the MatLab optimization
toolbox routines, which implement constrained function
minimization routine named “fmincon" interacting with the
associated eigenvalue problem routines. In fact, the proposed
mathematical models have succeeded in maximizing the critical flow
velocity without mass penalty and producing efficient and economic
designs having enhanced stability characteristics as compared with
the baseline designs.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering},
	  volume    = {5},
	  number    = {7},
	  year      = {2011},
	  pages     = {1296 - 1301},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/2646},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/55},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 55, 2011},
	}