{"title":"Esterification of Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil Using Alumina-Doped Sulfated Tin Oxide as a Catalyst","authors":"Worawoot Prasitturattanachai, Kamchai Nuithitikul","volume":79,"journal":"International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering","pagesStart":527,"pagesEnd":532,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/16397","abstract":"
The conventional production of biodiesel from crude
\r\npalm oil which contains large amounts of free fatty acids in the
\r\npresence of a homogeneous base catalyst confronts the problems of
\r\nsoap formation and very low yield of biodiesel. To overcome these
\r\nproblems, free fatty acids must be esterified to their esters in the
\r\npresence of an acid catalyst prior to alkaline-catalyzed
\r\ntransesterification. Sulfated metal oxides are a promising group of
\r\ncatalysts due to their very high acidity. In this research, aluminadoped
\r\nsulfated tin oxide (SO4
\r\n2-\/Al2O3-SnO2) catalysts were prepared
\r\nand used for esterification of free fatty acids in crude palm oil in a
\r\nbatch reactor. The SO4
\r\n2-\/Al2O3-SnO2 catalysts were prepared from
\r\ndifferent Al precursors. The results showed that different Al
\r\nprecursors gave different activities of the SO4
\r\n2-\/Al2O3-SnO2 catalysts.
\r\nThe esterification of free fatty acids in crude palm oil with methanol
\r\nin the presence of SO4
\r\n2-\/Al2O3-SnO2 catalysts followed first-order
\r\nkinetics.<\/p>\r\n","references":"
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