{"title":"Patterns of Sports Supplement Use among Iranian Female Athletes","authors":"A. Golshanraz, L. Hakemi, L. Pourkazemi, E. Dadgostar, F. Moradzandi, R. Tabatabaee, F. Moradi, K. Hosseinihajiagha, N. Jazayeri, H. Abedifar, R. Fouladi, M. Khooban, H. Saboori, M. Kiani, M. Sajedi, E. Karooninejad, S.Moeen, M.Ghavam, F.Beiranvand, S.Mansoori, F.Gheisari, H.Barzegari","volume":69,"journal":"International Journal of Sport and Health Sciences","pagesStart":2480,"pagesEnd":2484,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/15234","abstract":"
Supplement use is common in athletes. Besides their cost, they may have side effects on health and performance. 250 questionnaires were distributed among female athletes (mean age 27.08 years). The questionnaire aimed to explore the frequency, type, believes, attitudes and knowledge regarding dietary supplements. Knowledge was good in 30.3%, fair in 60.2%, and poor in 9.1% of respondents. 65.3% of athletes did not use supplements regularly. The most widely used supplements were vitamins (48.4%), minerals (42.9%), energy supplements (21.3%), and herbals (20.9%). 68.9% of athletes believed in their efficacy. 34.4% experienced performance enhancement and 6.8% of reported side effects. 68.2% reported little knowledge and 60.9% were eager to learn more. In conclusion, many of the female athletes believe in the efficacy of supplements and think they are an unavoidable part of competitive sports. However, their information is not sufficient. We have to stress on education, consulting sessions, and rational prescription.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] A. Petroczi, D. P. Naughton, G. Pearce, R. Bailey, A. Bloodworth, M.\r\nMcNamee, \"Nutritional supplement use by elite young UK athletes:\r\nfallacies of advice regarding efficacy,\" Journal of the International Society of Sport Nutrition, vol. 5, p. 22, 2008.\r\n[2] M. A. Kobryner, \"Dietary supplement use by athletes at a British university,\" Leeds Metropolitan university, Carnegie faculty of sport\r\nand education, 2009, unpublished.\r\n[3] A. Petroczi, D. P. Naughton, J. Mazanov, A. Holloway, J. Bingham,\r\n\"Limited agreement exists between rational and practice in athletes-\r\nsupplement use for maintenance of health: a retrospective study,\" Nutr\r\nJ, vol. 6, p. 34, 2007.\r\n[4] A. Petroczi, D. P. Naughton, J. Mazanov, A. Holloway, J. Bingham,\r\n\"Performance enhancement with supplements: incongruence between\r\nrational and practice,\" J Int Soc Sports Nutr, vol. 4, p. 19, 2007.\r\n[5] A. Nieper, \"Nutritional supplement in practice in UK junior national\r\ntrack and field athletes,\" Br J Sport Med, vol. 39, pp 645-649, 2005.\r\n[6] R. J. Maughan, D. S. King, T. Lea, \"Dietary supplements,\" Journal of\r\nSports Science, vol. 22, pp. 95-113, 2004.\r\n[7] B. M. Malinauskas, R. F. Overton, V. G. Carraway, B. C. Cash, \"Supplement of interest for sport-related injury and sources of\r\nsupplement information among college athletes,\" Advanced Medical\r\nScience, vol. 52, pp.50-54, 2007.\r\n[8] K. Froiland, W. Koszewski, J. Hingst, L. Kopecky, \u201cNutritional\r\nsupplement use among college athletes and their sources of\r\ninformation,\u201d International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise\r\nMetabolism, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 104-120, 2004.\r\n[9] J. McDowall, \u201cSupplement use by young athletes,\u201d Journal of Sport\r\nScience and Medicine, vol. 6, pp. 337-342, 2007.\r\n[10] M. T. Ashtiani, M. Monajjemzadeh, A. H. Sina, F. Berenji, M.\r\nAbdollahi, M. G. Said, M. Alam, \u201c Prevalence of haemoglobinopathies\r\nin 34,030 healthy adults in Tehran, Iran,\u201d Clin Pathol., vol. 62, no. 10,\r\npp. 924-5, Oct. 2009.\r\n[11] S. Shams, H. Asheri, V. Ziaee, L. Koochakzadeh, M. Monajemzadeh,\r\nM. Nouri, et. al, \u201cThe prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia in female\r\nmedical students in Tehran,\u201d Singapore Med J., vol. 51, no. 2, pp. 116-\r\n9, Feb. 2010.\r\n[12] F. Torkan, A. Kabir, L. Hakemi, \u201cPrevalence of anemia in Iranian\r\nathletes participating in the camps for selecting female national teams,\u201d\r\nin Proc. 7th IOC World Congress, Athens, 2003.\r\n[13] R. B. Kreider, D. Hill, G. Horton, M. Downes, S. Smith, B. Anders,\r\n\u201cEffects of carbohydrate supplementation during intense training on\r\ndietary patterns, physiological status, and performance,\u201d International\r\nJournal of Sport Nutrition, vol. 5, pp. 125-135, 1995.\r\n[14] C. Chryssanthopoulos, C. Williams, A. Nowitz , C. Kotsiopoulou, V.\r\nVleck, \u201cThe effect of a high carbohydrate meal on endurance running\r\ncapacity,\u201d International Journal of Sports Nutrition, vol. 12, pp. 157-\r\n171, 2002.\r\n[15] T. E. Graham, \u201cCaffeine and exercise, metabolism, endurance and\r\nperformance,\u201d Sports Medicine, vol. 31, no.11, pp. 785-807, 2001.\r\n[16] P. Hespel, R. J. Maughan, P. L. Greenhaff, \u201cDietary supplements for\r\nfootball,\u201d Journal of Sport Science, vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 749-761, 2006.\r\n[17] L. Hakemi, A. Mamduhinia, A. Maghulzadeh ,\u201d Evaluation of\r\nknowledge, attitude and consumption of sports supplements by high\r\nlevel athletes,\u201d 2007, unpublished.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 69, 2012"}