{"title":"Motor Skill Adaptation Depends On the Level of Learning","authors":"Herbert Ugrinowitsch, Suziane Peixoto dos Santos-Naves, Michele Viviene Carbinatto, Rodolfo NovellinoBenda, Go Tani","volume":53,"journal":"International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","pagesStart":709,"pagesEnd":714,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/14247","abstract":"
An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of the level of performance stabilization on the human adaptability to perceptual-motor perturbation in a complex coincident timing task. Three levels of performance stabilization were established operationally: pre-stabilization, stabilization, and super-stabilization groups. Each group practiced the task until reached its level of stabilization in a constant sequence of movements and under a constant time constraint before exposure to perturbation. The results clearly showed that performance stabilization is a pre-condition for adaptation. Moreover, variability before reaching stabilization is harmful to adaptation and persistent variability after stabilization is beneficial. Moreover, the behavior of variability is specific to each measure.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] Izawa, J.; Rane, T.; Dochin, O.; Shadmehr, R. Motor Adaptation as a\r\nprocess of reoptimization. Journal of Neuroscience, v. 132, p. 28-41,\r\n2008.\r\n[2] C Button, Davids K, Bennet SJ, Taylor MA. Mechanical perturbation of\r\nthe wrist during one-handed catching. Acta Psychologica 105 (2000) 9-\r\n30.\r\n[3] S.R. Caljouw, J. van der Kamp, G.J.P. Savelsberg. The impact of taskconstrains\r\non the planning and control of interceptive hitting\r\nmovements. Neuroscience Letters 392 (2006) 84-89.\r\n[4] R.M.C. Spencer, H.N. Zelaznick Weber (slope) analyses of timing\r\nvariability in taping and drawing tasks. Journal of Motor Behavior 35\r\n(2003) 371-381.\r\n[5] J.R. Tresilian, A.Plooy. Effects of acoustic startle stimuli on interceptive\r\naction. Neuroscience 142 (2006) 579-594.\r\n[6] S.M. Pincus. Approximate entropy as a measure of system complexity.\r\nProcedings of the National Academy of Science 88 (1991) 2297-301.\r\n[7] N. Bernstein. The Co-ordination and Regulation of Human Movements.\r\nOxford, Pergamon, 1967, 196 pp.\r\n[8] E. Brenner, J.B.J. Smeets. Perceptual requirements for fast manual\r\nresponses. Experimental Brain Research 153 (2003) 246-252.\r\n[9] J.R. Tresilian, J. Oliver, T.J.Carroll. Temporal precision of interceptive\r\naction: differential effects of target size and speed. Experimental Brain\r\nResearch 148 (2003) 425-438.\r\n[10] E.J. Manoel, K.J. Connolly. Variability and the development of skilled\r\nactions. International Journal Psychological 19 (1995) 129-147.\r\n[11] M.L. Latash, J.F. Scholz, F. Danion, G. Sch\u00f6ner. Structure motor\r\nvariability in marginal redundant multifinger force production tasks.\r\nExperimental Brain Research 141 (2001) 153-165.\r\n[12] G.F. Reed, F. Lynn, B.D. Meade Use of coefficient of variation in\r\nassessing variability of quantitative assays. Clinical and Diagnostic\r\nLaboratory Immunology 9 (2002) 1235-1239.\r\n[13] A.B. Slifkin, K.M. Newell. Noise, information transmission and force\r\nvariability. Journal Experimental Psychological Human Percept\r\nPerformance 25 (1999) 837-851.\r\n[14] Haken, H. Synergetics: An introduction: Nonequilibrium phase\r\ntransitions and self-organization in physics, chemistry and biology\r\n(1983).\r\n[15] Kelso, J. A. S. Phase Transitions and critical behavior in human\r\nbimanual coordination. American Journal of physiology: Regulatory,\r\nintegrative, and comparative, 15, R 1000 - R 10004 (1984).\r\n[16] J.P. Scholz, G. Schoner. The uncontrolled manifold concept: Identifying\r\ncontrol variables for a functional taks. Experimental Brain Research\r\n126 (1999) 289-306.\r\n[17] A.D. Prager, J.L.Contreras-Vidal. Adaptation to display rotation and\r\ndisplay gain distortion during drawing. Human Moviment Science 22\r\n(2003) 173-87.\r\n[18] S.J.A. Kelso, D.A. Engostrom. The complementary Nature. London,\r\nMIT Pres, 2006, 317pp.\r\n[19] K.M. Newell. Change in Movement and Skill: Learning, Retention and\r\nTransfer. In: M.L.T. Latash, M.T. Turvey. with on Dexterity and its\r\nDevelopment by N.A. Bernstein (Eds.), Dexterity and its Development.\r\nNew Jersey, Mahwah. 1996, pp.393-429.\r\n[20] E.J. Manoel, L. Basso, U.C. Corr\u251c\u00aca, G. Tani Modulatity and\r\nhierarquical organization of action programs in human acquisition of\r\ngraphic skills. Neuroscience Letters 335 (2002) 83-86.\r\n[21] D. Timmann, S. Richter, S. Betsmann, K.T. Kalveram, J. Konczak.\r\nPredictive control of muscle responses to arm perturbations in celebellar\r\npatients. Journal Neurologycal NeurosurgPsychiatry 69 (2000) 345-\r\n352.\r\n[22] P.G. Zanone, J.A.S. Kelso. Learning and transfer as dynamical\r\nparadigms for behavioral change. In: Stelmach GE, Requin J, editors.\r\nTutorials in Motor Behavior II. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science, 1992,\r\npp.563-582.\r\n[23] L. Li, J.M. Haddad, J. Hamil. Stability and variability may respond\r\ndifferently to changes in walking speed. Human Moviment Science 24\r\n(2005) 257-267.\r\n[24] D.O. Hebb. The organization of behavior: a neuropsychological\r\ntheory. New York, John Wiley & Sons, 1949, 335pp.\r\n[25] J.C.E. Van Der Burg, J.H. Van Die\u251c\u00bdn. The effect of timing of a\r\nperturbation on the execution of a lifting movement. Human Moviment\r\nScience 20 (2001) 243-255.\r\n[26] L.R.T. Willians, J.M Jasiewicz, R.W. Simmons Coincidence timing of\r\nfinger, arm, and whole body movements. Perceptual Motor Skills 92\r\n(2000) 535-547.\r\n[27] S.C. Lai, G. Mayer-Kress, K.M. Newell. Information entropy and the\r\nvariability of space-time movement error. Journal Motor Behavior 38\r\n(2006) 451-466.\r\n[28] T. Ceux, J. Wagemans, P. Rosas, G. Montage, M. Buekers. Perceptualmotor\r\nadaptations in a synchronization task: the joint effects of\r\nfrequency and motion coherence manipulations. Behaviour Brain\r\nResearch 168 (2006) 226-235.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 53, 2011"}