%0 Journal Article
	%A Mohanad El-Harbawi and  Nurul Amirah Hanim Bt. Umar and  Norizan Ali and  Yoshimitsu Uemura
	%D 2012
	%J International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering
	%B World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
	%I Open Science Index 63, 2012
	%T A Study on Flammability of Bio Oil Combustible Vapour Mixtures
	%U https://publications.waset.org/pdf/13374
	%V 63
	%X Study of fire and explosion is very important mainly
in oil and gas industries due to several accidents which have been
reported in the past and present. In this work, we have investigated
the flammability of bio oil vapour mixtures. This mixture may
contribute to fire during the storage and transportation process. Bio
oil sample derived from Palm Kernell shell was analysed using Gas
Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to examine the
composition of the sample. Mole fractions of 12 selected
components in the liquid phase were obtained from the GC-FID data
and used to calculate mole fractions of components in the gas phase
via modified Raoult-s law. Lower Flammability Limits (LFLs) and
Upper Flammability Limits (UFLs) for individual components were
obtained from published literature. However, stoichiometric
concentration method was used to calculate the flammability limits
of some components which their flammability limit values are not
available in the literature. The LFL and UFL values for the mixture
were calculated using the Le Chatelier equation. The LFLmix and
UFLmix values were used to construct a flammability diagram and
subsequently used to determine the flammability of the mixture. The
findings of this study can be used to propose suitable inherently
safer method to prevent the flammable mixture from occurring and
to minimizing the loss of properties, business, and life due to fire
accidents in bio oil productions.
	%P 179 - 185