@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/12512,
	  title     = {Spreading of Swirling Double–Concentric Jets at Low and High Pulsation Intensities},
	  author    = {Shiferaw R. Jufar and  Rong F. Huang and  Ching M. Hsu},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {The spreading characteristics of acoustically excited
swirling double-concentric jets were studied experimentally. The
central jet was acoustically excited at low and high pulsation
intensities. A smoke wire flow visualization and a hot-wire
anemometer velocity measurement results show that excitation forces
a vortex ring to roll-up from the edge of the central tube during each
excitation period. At low pulsation intensities, the vortex ring evolves
downstream, and eventually breaks up into turbulent eddies. At high
pulsation intensities, the primary vortex ring evolves and a series of
trailing vortex rings form during the same period of excitation. The
trailing vortex rings accelerate while evolving downstream and
overtake the primary vortex ring within the same cycle. In the
process, the primary vortex ring becomes unstable and breaks up
early. The effect of the fast traveling trailing vortex rings combined
with the swirl motion of the annular flow improve jet spreading
compared with the naturally evolving jets.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering},
	  volume    = {7},
	  number    = {6},
	  year      = {2013},
	  pages     = {1121 - 1126},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/12512},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/78},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 78, 2013},
	}