%0 Journal Article
	%A Say Wei Foo and  Qi Dong
	%D 2010
	%J International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
	%B World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
	%I Open Science Index 37, 2010
	%T A Normalization-based Robust Image Watermarking Scheme Using SVD and DCT
	%U https://publications.waset.org/pdf/11749
	%V 37
	%X Digital watermarking is one of the techniques for
copyright protection. In this paper, a normalization-based robust
image watermarking scheme which encompasses singular value
decomposition (SVD) and discrete cosine transform (DCT)
techniques is proposed. For the proposed scheme, the host image is
first normalized to a standard form and divided into non-overlapping
image blocks. SVD is applied to each block. By concatenating the
first singular values (SV) of adjacent blocks of the normalized image,
a SV block is obtained. DCT is then carried out on the SV blocks to
produce SVD-DCT blocks. A watermark bit is embedded in the highfrequency
band of a SVD-DCT block by imposing a particular
relationship between two pseudo-randomly selected DCT
coefficients. An adaptive frequency mask is used to adjust local
watermark embedding strength. Watermark extraction involves
mainly the inverse process. The watermark extracting method is blind
and efficient. Experimental results show that the quality degradation
of watermarked image caused by the embedded watermark is visually
transparent. Results also show that the proposed scheme is robust
against various image processing operations and geometric attacks.
	%P 177 - 182