@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/11314,
	  title     = {Role of Direct and Secondary Traumatic Experience on Later Functioning},
	  author    = {Pamela L. Knox and  Linda R. Guthrie},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {Trauma in early life is widely regarded as a cause for
adult mental health problems. This study explores the role of
secondary trauma on later functioning in a sample of 359 university
students enrolled in undergraduate psychology classes in the United
States. Participants were initially divided into four groups based on
1) having directly experienced trauma (assaultive violence), 2)
having directly experienced trauma and secondary traumatization
through the unanticipated death of a close friend or family member
or witnessing of an injury or shocking even), 3) having no
experience of direct trauma but having experienced indirect trauma
(secondary trauma), or 4) reporting no exposure. Participants
completed a battery of measures on concepts associated with
psychological functioning which included measures of
psychological well-being, problem solving, coping and resiliency.
Findings discuss differences in psychological functioning and
resilience based on participants who experienced secondary
traumatization and assaultive violence versus secondary
traumatization alone.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences},
	  volume    = {6},
	  number    = {6},
	  year      = {2012},
	  pages     = {1268 - 1270},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/11314},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/66},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 66, 2012},
	}