Urban Hydrology and Water Conservation: A Review of Green Infrastructure and Storm Water Management

Authors: Paria Pourmohammad , Iman Hajirad *

Abstract:

Urban hydrology and water conservation have become critical concerns due to rapid urbanization, climate change, and increasing water scarcity. This review explores the role of green infrastructure and stormwater management in addressing these challenges, emphasizing their effectiveness in mitigating urban water-related issues and enhancing sustainability. Green infrastructure, incorporating strategies such as green roofs, permeable pavements, and urban wetlands, offers a sustainable alternative to conventional stormwater management. These approaches reduce runoff, improve water quality, and support biodiversity while also providing social and economic benefits, including enhanced public spaces, improved air quality, and increased property values. The integration of green infrastructure with stormwater management presents a comprehensive solution for urban water conservation, aiding in flood mitigation and climate resilience. However, challenges such as high initial costs, limited public awareness, and maintenance requirements hinder widespread adoption. To overcome these barriers, supportive policy frameworks, financial incentives, and public engagement initiatives are necessary. Collaboration among policymakers, urban planners, engineers, and private stakeholders is essential to ensuring the successful implementation of green infrastructure. This review highlights the long-term economic advantages of green infrastructure, including cost savings in maintenance and infrastructure replacement. It underscores the need for continuous research, technological innovation, and interdisciplinary cooperation to optimize these strategies for global application. Ultimately, integrating green infrastructure and stormwater management into urban planning can contribute to more sustainable, resilient, and livable cities.

Keywords: Urban hydrology, green infrastructure, stormwater management, water conservation, climate resilience, sustainable urban planning.

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