Comprehensive Analysis of Wind Turbines: A Comparison Between Onshore and Offshore Wind Turbines

Authors: Mohammad Borhani, Afshin Danehkar

Abstract:

With the increase in population and the upward trend of energy demand, mankind has considered using suppliers that guarantee a stable energy supply, unlike fossil fuels. Fossil fuels not only widely emit greenhouse gases, which are one of the main factors in ozone layer depletion, but they will also be depleted in the near future. In this context, one sustainable method of energy supply is the utilization of wind turbines that convert wind energy into electricity. Therefore, this study focuses on wind turbines and their installation requirements. Wind turbines are primarily classified based on their rotation axis into two categories: horizontal axis and vertical axis. Both types can be installed and operated in various man-made environments such as cities, villages, airports, and other human settlements due to technological advancements. The main distinction between offshore and onshore wind turbines lies in their installation and foundation. Offshore wind turbines are typically categorized into five types: monopile, jacketed, tripod, gravity-driven, and floating wind turbines. To enhance the efficiency of a wind power plant, the distance between turbines is usually maintained at 5 to 7 times the rotor diameter. When turbines are perpendicular to the wind direction, the distance is typically 3 to 5 times the rotor diameter.

Keywords: wind farms, horizontal axis wind turbines, sustainable development, wind energy potential, renewable energy

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