{"title":"Physicochemical Parameters of Tap Water in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Assessment","authors":"Ahmed A. Hassan, Bassam Tawabini","volume":189,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":97,"pagesEnd":105,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10012683","abstract":"
In this study, the physicochemical parameters of Dhahran tap water were assessed to determine its suitability for drinking purposes. A total of 45 water samples were collected from different locations. The results indicate temperature ranges of 19.76 to 22.86 \u00b0C, pH (6.5 to 8.23), dissolved oxygen (4.21 to 8.32 mg\/L), conductivity (232 to 2586 uS\/cm), turbidity (0.17 to 0.37 Nephelometric Turbidity unit (NTU)), total dissolved solids (93 to 1671 mg\/L), total alkalinity (4.11 to 24.04 mg\/L), calcium (0.02 to 164 mg\/L), magnesium (0 .6 to 77.9 mg\/L), chloride (32.7 to 568.7 mg\/L), nitrate (0.02 to 3 mg\/L), fluoride (0.001 to 0.591 mg\/L), sodium (18.4 to 232 mg\/L), potassium (0.5 to 26.4 mg\/L), and sulphate (2.39 to 258 mg\/L). The results were compared with the drinking water standards recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). The study determined that though the levels of most of the physicochemical parameters comply with the standards, however, slight deviations exist. This is evident in the values of the physical parameters (conductivity and total dissolved solids), and the chemical parameters (sulphate, chloride, and sodium) recorded at a few sample sites.<\/p>","references":"[1]\tR. W. Company, \u201cEcohydrology Study of Physico-Chemical Parameters of Water Quality in the Lumbardh De\u00e7ani,\u201d no. June, pp. 154\u2013158, 2013.\r\n[2]\tG. O. Odhiambo, \u201cWater scarcity in the Arabian Peninsula and socio-economic implications,\u201d Appl. Water Sci., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 2479\u20132492, 2017.\r\n[3]\tI. Slavik, K. R. Oliveira, P. B. Cheung, and W. Uhl, \u201cWater quality aspects related to domestic drinking water storage tanks and consideration in current standards and guidelines throughout the world\u2013a review,\u201d J. Water Health, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 439\u2013463, 2020.\r\n[4]\tA. J. 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