{"title":"Traditional Dyeing of Silk with Natural Dyes by Eco-Friendly Method","authors":"Samera Salimpour Abkenar","volume":174,"journal":"International Journal of Materials and Textile Engineering","pagesStart":133,"pagesEnd":137,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10012084","abstract":"
In traditional dyeing of natural fibers with natural dyes, metal salts are commonly used to increase color stability. This method always carries the risk of environmental pollution (contamination of arable soils and fresh groundwater) due to the release of dyeing effluents containing large amounts of metal. Therefore, researchers are always looking for new methods to obtain a green dyeing system. In this research, the use of the enzymatic dyeing method to prevent environmental pollution with metals and reduce production costs has been proposed. After degumming and bleaching, raw silk fabrics were dyed with natural dyes (Madder and Sumac) by three methods (pre-mordanting with a metal salt, one-step enzymatic dyeing, and two-step enzymatic dyeing). Results show that silk dyed with natural dyes by the enzymatic method has higher color strength and colorfastness than the pretreated with a metal salt. Also, the amount of remained dyes in the dyeing wastewater is significantly reduced by the enzymatic method. It is found that the enzymatic dyeing method leads to improvement of dye absorption, color strength, soft hand, no change in color shade, low production costs (due to low dyeing temperature), and a significant reduction in environmental pollution.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tD. Cristea and G.Vilarem, \u201cImproving light fastness of natural dyes on cotton yarn,\u201d Dyes Pigm, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 238-245, Aug. 2006.\r\n[2]\tP. S. Vankar, R. Shanker, D. Mahanta and S. C. Tiwari, \u201cEcofriendly sonicator dyeing of cotton with Rubia cordifolia Linn. using biomordant,\u201d Dyes Pigm, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 207-212, Oct. 2008.\r\n[3]\tS.M. Burkinshaw, and B. Bahojb-Allafan, \u201cThe development of a metal-free, tannic acid-based aftertreatment for nylon 6, 6 dyed with acid dyes\u2014part 2: further studies,\u201d Dyes Pigm, Vol. 59, no. 1, pp.71-97, Oct. 2003.\r\n[4]\tS.M. Burkinshaw, and B. Bahojb-Allafan, \u201cThe development of a metal-free, tannic acid-based aftertreatment for nylon 6, 6 dyed with acid dyes. Part 4: tannic acid,\u201d Dyes Pigm, Vol. 62, no. 2, pp. 159-172, Feb. 2004.\r\n[5]\tS.M. Burkinshaw, and B. Bahojb-Allafan, \u201cThe development of a metal-free, tannic acid-based aftertreatment for nylon 6, 6 dyed with acid dyes\u2014part 3: different enzymes,\u201d Dyes Pigm, Vol. 60, no. 2, pp.91-102, Feb. 2004.\r\n[6]\tY. Kawahara, S.H. Nakajima, and H. Furuta, \u201cDyeing behavior of tannic acid-treated wild silk fibers with acid dyes,\u201d Sen'i Gakkaishi, Vol. 49, no. 8, pp.444-447, Sep.1993.\r\n[7]\tS.M. Burkinshaw, M. Paraskevas, \u201cThe dyeing of silk Part 2: Aftertreatment with natural and synthetic tanning agents,\u201d Dyes Pigm, Vol. 88, no. 2, pp. 156-165. Feb. 2011.\r\n[8]\tM. Feiz, S. Salimpour Abkenar, \u201cImprovement in washfastness of dyed silk by aftertreatment with commercial syntan\/metal salts,\u201d pccc, Vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 27-36, 2008.\r\n[9]\tM. Feiz and H. Norouzi, \u201cDyeing studies of wool fibers with madder and effect of different mordants and mordanting procedures on color characteristics of dyed samples,\u201d Fibers Polym., Vol. 15, no. 12, pp. 2504-2514, Dec. 2014.\r\n[10]\tM. Gias Uddin, \u201cEffects of different mordants on silk fabric dyed with onion outer skin extracts,\u201dJ. Text. Vol. 2014, pp. 1-8, 2014.\r\n[11]\tM. Gias Uddin, \u201cStudy on the color levelness of silk fabric dyed with vegetable dyes.\u201d Sustainable Chem. Processes., Vol.3, pp. 10-13, Jul. 2015.\r\n[12]\tP. Kubelka, F. Munck, \u201cEin Beitrag zur Optik der Farbanstriche,\u201d Z. Tech. Phys. (Leipzig). Vol. 12, pp. 593-601, 1931.\r\n[13]\tA.K. Samanta., P. Agarwal, S. Datta, \u201cStudies on color-strength-related parameters and compatibility for dyeing of cotton fabric with binary mixtures of Jackfruit wood and other natural dyes,\u201d J. Nat. Fibers, Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 27-45, March. 2009.\r\n[14]\tS. Salimpour Abkenar, M. Feiz, \u201cImprovement of wash fastness and light fastness of metal complex dyes applied to silk using a syntan in conjunction with complexing agents and different enzymes,\u201d in 9th Asian Textile Conference, Taiwan, 2007.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 174, 2021"}