{"title":"Effect of Changing Iron Content and Excitation Frequency on Magnetic Particle Imaging Signal: A Comparative Study of Synomag\u00ae Nanoparticles","authors":"Kalthoum Riahi, Max T. Rietberg, Javier Perez y Perez, Corn\u00e9 Dijkstra, Bennie ten Haken, Lejla Alic","volume":173,"journal":"International Journal of Chemical and Materials Engineering","pagesStart":109,"pagesEnd":113,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10012006","abstract":"
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are widely used to facilitate magnetic particle imaging (MPI) which has the potential to become the leading diagnostic instrument for biomedical imaging. This comparative study assesses the effects of changing iron content and excitation frequency on point-spread function (PSF) representing the effect of magnetization reversal. PSF is quantified by features of interest for MPI: i.e., drive field amplitude and full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM). A superparamagnetic quantifier (SPaQ) is used to assess differential magnetic susceptibility of two commercially available MNPs: Synomag®-D50 and Synomag®-D70. For both MNPs, the signal output depends on increase in drive field frequency and amount of iron-oxide, which might be hampering the sensitivity of MPI systems that perform on higher frequencies. Nevertheless, there is a clear potential of Synomag®-D for a stable MPI resolution, especially in case of 70 nm version, that is independent of either drive field frequency or amount of iron-oxide.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tE. Teeman, C. Shasha, J. E. Evans, and K. M. Krishnan, \u201cIntracellular dynamics of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic particle imaging,\u201d Nanoscale, 2019.\r\n[2]\tS. A. Shah, D. B. Reeves, R. M. Ferguson, J. B. Weaver, and K. M. Krishnan, \u201cMixed Brownian alignment and N\u00e9el rotations in superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions driven by an ac field,\u201d Phys. Rev. B - Condens. Matter Mater. Phys., 2015.\r\n[3]\tF. Ludwig et al., \u201cCharacterization of magnetic nanoparticle systems with respect to their magnetic particle imaging performance,\u201d Biomedizinische Technik. 2013.\r\n[4]\tZ. W. Tay, D. W. Hensley, E. C. Vreeland, B. Zheng, and S. M. Conolly, \u201cThe relaxation wall: experimental limits to improving MPI spatial resolution by increasing nanoparticle core size,\u201d Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express, 2017.\r\n[5]\tP. J. Sehl, O.C.; Gevaert, J.J.; Melo, K.P.; Knier, N.N.; Foster, \u201cA Perspective on Cell Tracking with Magnetic Particle Imaging.\u201d\r\n[6]\tL. Lartigue et al., \u201cCooperative organization in iron oxide multi-core nanoparticles potentiates their efficiency as heating mediators and MRI contrast agents,\u201d ACS Nano, 2012.\r\n[7]\tK. Riahi, M. M. van de Loosdrecht, L. Alic, and B. ten Haken, \u201cAssessment of differential magnetic susceptibility in nanoparticles: Effects of changes in viscosity and immobilisation,\u201d J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 2020.\r\n[8]\tM. M. Van De Loosdrecht et al., \u201cA novel characterization technique for superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: The superparamagnetic quantifier, compared with magnetic particle spectroscopy,\u201d Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol. 90, no. 2, Feb. 2019.\r\n[9]\tK. Riahi, M. M. van de Loosdrecht, L. Alic, and B. Ten Haken, \u201cMagnetic performance of synomag nanoparticles in various environments,\u201d Int. J. Magn. Part. Imaging, 2020.\r\n","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 173, 2021"}