Popularization of the Communist Manifesto in 19th Century Europe

Authors: Xuanyu Bai

Abstract:

“The Communist Manifesto”, written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, is one of the most significant documents throughout the whole history which covers across different fields including Economic, Politic, Sociology and Philosophy. Instead of discussing the Communist ideas presented in the Communist Manifesto, the essay focuses on exploring the reasons that contributed to the popularization of the document and its influence on political revolutions in 19^th century Europe by concentrating on the document itself along with other primary and secondary sources and temporal artwork. Combining the details from the Communist Manifesto and other documents, Marx’s writing style and word choice, his convincible notions about a new society dominated by proletariats, and the revolutionary idea of class destruction has led to the popularization of the Communist Manifesto and influenced the latter political revolutions.

Keywords: Communist Manifesto, The Wealth of Nations, 19th century Europe, word choice, capitalism, communism.

References:

[1] Cooney, E. W. "19th Century Building," Architectural Research and Teaching 2, no. 1 (1971). http://www.jstor.org/stable/24655009.
[2] Courbet, Gustave. The Stone Breakers. 1849. Oil on canvas. Accessed January 15, 2020. https://smarthistory.org/courbet-the-stonebreakers/.
[3] Hersh, Jacques, and Ellen Brun. "Globalisation and the Communist Manifesto." Economic and Political Weekly 35, no. 3 (2000): 105-08. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4408818.
[4] Marx, Karl, and Friedrich Engels. The Communist Manifesto. USA: Millenium Publications, 2017.
[5] Marx, Karl and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto (Middletown, DE: Millenium Publications, 2017). Human Rights Quarterly 8, no. 3 (1986).https://doi.org/10.2307/762279.
[6] Munzer, Egbert. "The Communist Manifesto." Bulletin Des Relations Industrielles 3, no. 7 (1948): 103-06. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23066303.
[7] Perry, Marvin. 2018. Sources of the Western tradition. Volume II, Volume II.
[8] Philippa Howden-Chapman and Johan Mackenbach, "Poverty and Painting: Representations in 19th Century Europe," BMJ: British Medical Journal 325, no. 7378 (2002) http://www.jstor.org/stable/25453234.
[9] Siegel, Paul N. "The Style of the Communist Manifesto." Science and Society 46, no. 2 (1982): 222-29. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40402395.