{"title":"Fiber-Reinforced Sandwich Structures Based on Selective Laser Sintering: A Technological View","authors":"T. H\u00e4fele, J. Kaspar, M. Vielhaber, W. Calles, J. Griebsch","volume":127,"journal":"International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","pagesStart":1337,"pagesEnd":1344,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10007502","abstract":"
The demand for an increasing diversification of the product spectrum associated with the current huge customization desire and subsequently the decreasing unit quantities of each production lot is gaining more and more importance within a great variety of industrial branches, e.g. automotive industry. Nevertheless, traditional product development and production processes (molding, extrusion) are already reaching their limits or fail to address these trends of a flexible and digitized production in view of a product variability up to lot size one. Thus, upcoming innovative production concepts like the additive manufacturing technology basically create new opportunities with regard to extensive potentials in product development (constructive optimization) and manufacturing (economic individualization), but mostly suffer from insufficient strength regarding structural components. Therefore, this contribution presents an innovative technological and procedural conception of a hybrid additive manufacturing process (fiber-reinforced sandwich structures based on selective laser sintering technology) to overcome these current structural weaknesses, and consequently support the design of complex lightweight components.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tR. Heuss, N. M\u00fcller, W. van Sintern, A. Starke, and A. Tschiesner, \u201cLightweight, heavy impact\u201d, in Advanced Industries, McKinsey & Company, 2012.\r\n[2]\tS. H. Huang, P. Liu, A. Mokasdar, and L. Hou, \u201cAdditive manufacturing and its societal impact: a literature review\u201d, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., vol. 67, pp. 1191\u20131203, 2013.\r\n[3]\tY. Huang, M.C. Leu, J. Mazumder, and A. Donmez, \u201cAdditive Manufacturing: Current State, Future Potential, Gaps and Needs, and Recommendations\u201d, J. Manuf. Sci. Eng., vol 137, no. 1, pp. 014001\u2013014010, 2015.\r\n[4]\tJ. Kaspar, and M. Vielhaber, \u201cCross-Component Systematic Approach for Lightweight and Material-Oriented Design\u201d, Proceedings of Nord Design, vol. DS 81, no. 1, pp. 332\u2013341, 2016.\r\n[5]\tFederal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), \u201cBestandsaufnahme Leichtbau in Deutschland\u201c, in Project I C4-10\/15. Berlin: VDI Zentrum Ressourceneffizienz, 2015.\r\n[6]\tM. A. Carruth, J. M. Allwood, and R. L. Milford, \u201cReducing CO2 Emissions through Lightweight Design and Manufacturing\u201d, AIP Conf. Proc., pp. 1632\u20131637, 2011.\r\n[7]\tP. K. Mallick, \u201cMaterials, design, and manufacturing for lightweight vehicles\u201d. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2010.\r\n[8]\tT. Campbell, C. Williams, O. Ivanova, and B. Garrett, \u201cCould 3D Printing Change the World? Technologies, Potential, and Implications of Additive Manufacturing\u201d, Washington (DC): Atlantic Council - Strategic Forsight Report, Oct. 2011.\r\n[9]\tWohlers Associates, Inc., \u201cHistory of Additive Manufacturing\u201d, Wohlers Report, 2014.\r\n[10]\tJ. Gausemeier, N. Echterhoff, M. Kokoschka, and M. Wall, \u201cThinking ahead the Future of Additive Manufacturing \u2013 Analysis of Promising Industries\u201d, University of Paderborn, 2011.\r\n[11]\tVerein Deutscher Ingenieure, VDI-Guideline 3405: Additive manufacturing processes: Basics, definitions, processes. D\u00fcsseldorf: VDI-Verlag, 2014.\r\n[12]\tI. Gibson, D.W. Rosen, and B. Stucker, \u201cAdditive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital Manufacturing\u201d, New York, Springer, 2010.\r\n[13]\tM. Schmid, \u201eSelektives Lasersintern (SLS) mit Kunststoffen: Technologie, Prozess und Werkstoffe\u201c, M\u00fcnchen: Hanser Verlag, 2015.\r\n[14]\tS. Ford, M. Despeisse, \u201cAdditive manufacturing and sustainability: an exploratory study\u201d, Journal of Cleaner Production, pp. 3-4, 2016.\r\n[15]\tS. Kuma, and J-P Kruth, \u201cComposites by rapid prototyping technology\u201d, in Materials and Design, vol. 31, pp. 850\u2013856, 2010.\r\n[16]\tW. Zhong et al., \u201cShort fiber reinforced composites for fused deposition modeling\u201d, Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 301, pp. 125\u2013130, 2001.\r\n[17]\tR. Matsuzaki et al, \u201cThree-dimensional printing of continuous-fiber composites by in-nozzle impregnation\u201d, Scientific Reports, 6(23058) 2016.\r\n[18]\tN. Li, Y. Li, and S. Liu, \u201cRapid prototyping of continuous carbon fiber reinforced polylactic acid composites by 3D printing\u201d, J. Mater. Process Technol., vol. 238, pp. 218\u2013225, 2016.\r\n[19]\tR. Hornfeck, \u201eRapid Shaping Prozess zur Herstellung von CFK-Bauteilen\u201c, Schriftenreihe 52: Georg-Ohm-Hochschule N\u00fcrnberg, 2013.\r\n[20]\tS.S. Gill, and M. Kaplas, \u201cComparative Study of 3D Printing Technologies for Rapid Casting of Aluminium Alloy\u201d, Mater. Manuf. Process, vol. 24, no. 12, pp. 1405\u20131411, 2009.\r\n[21]\tFraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT, \u201d3D meets FRP: More flexibility for highly stressed components\u201d, Press release \/ 7.3.2016\r\n[22]\tJ. Kaspar, T. H\u00e4fele, C. Kaldenhoff, J. Griebsch, and M. Vielhaber, \u201cHybrid Additive Design of FRP Components \u2013 Fiber-Reinforced Sandwich Structures Based on Selective Laser Sintering Technology\u201d, Procedia CIRP, vol. 60, pp. 235\u2013240, 2017.\r\n[23]\tJ. Kaspar, and M. Vielhaber, \u201cFiber-Reinforced Composite Design Within a LMOD process\u201d, accepted at 21th ICED, Vancouver: 21.-25.08.2017.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 127, 2017"}