{"title":"The Role of Chemokine Family, CXCL-10 Urine as a Marker Diagnosis of Active Lung Tuberculosis in HIV\/AIDS Patients","authors":"Dwitya Elvira, Raveinal Masri, Rohayat Bilmahdi","volume":123,"journal":"International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering","pagesStart":86,"pagesEnd":90,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10006439","abstract":"
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pandemic increased significantly worldwide. The rise in cases of HIV\/AIDS was also followed by an increase in the incidence of opportunistic infection, with tuberculosis being the most opportunistic infection found in HIV\/AIDS and the main cause of mortality in HIV\/AIDS patients. Diagnosis of tuberculosis in HIV\/AIDS patients is often difficult because of the uncommon symptom in HIV\/AIDS patients compared to those without the disease. Thus, diagnostic tools are required that are more effective and efficient to diagnose tuberculosis in HIV\/AIDS. CXCL-10\/IP-10 is a chemokine that binds to the CXCR3 receptor found in HIV\/AIDS patients with a weakened immune system. Tuberculosis infection in HIV\/AIDS activates chemokine IP-10 in urine, which is used as a marker for diagnosis of infection. The aim of this study was to prove whether IP-10 urine can be a biomarker diagnosis of active lung tuberculosis in HIV-AIDS patients. Design of this study is a cross sectional study involving HIV\/AIDS patients with lung tuberculosis as the subject of this study. Forty-seven HIV\/AIDS patients with tuberculosis based on clinical and biochemical laboratory were asked to collect urine samples and IP-10\/CXCL-10 urine being measured using ELISA method with 18 healthy human urine samples as control. Forty-seven patients diagnosed as HIV\/AIDS were included as a subject of this study. HIV\/AIDS were more common in male than in women with the percentage in male 85.1% vs. 14.5% of women. In this study, most diagnosed patients were aged 31-40 years old, followed by those 21-30 years, and > 40 years old, with one case diagnosed at age less than 20 years of age. From the result of the urine IP-10 using ELISA method, there was significant increase of the mean value of IP-10 urine in patients with TB-HIV\/AIDS co-infection compared to the healthy control with mean 61.05 pg\/mL ± 78.01 pg\/mL vs. mean 17.2 pg\/mL. Based on this research, there was significant increase of urine IP-10\/CXCL-10 in active lung tuberculosis with HIV\/AIDS compared to the healthy control. From this finding, it is necessary to conduct further research into whether urine IP-10\/CXCL-10 plays a significant role in TB-HIV\/AIDS co-infection, which can also be used as a biomarker in the early diagnosis of TB-HIV.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tCahyadi E. Hubungan Stadium Klinis dengan Jumlah CD4 Penderita HIV di BLUD RSUZA Banda Aceh. 2014.\r\n[2]\tCannas A, Calvo L, Chiacchio T, Cuzzi G, Vanini V, et al. IP10 detection in urine is associated with lung diseases. BMC Infectious Diseases 2010;10(333):1-8.\r\n[3]\tContreas G, Donnachie E, Murphy JR, Heresy GP. Elevated IP10 associates with CD8 cell activation and low CD4 in perinatally acquired HIV infection. OFID. 2014;1(1):S427.\r\n[4]\tDirectorate General of Communicable Disease Control and Environmental Health of Ministry of Health Indonesia. Statistical Report Case of HIV-AIDS in Indonesia. 2014.\r\n[5]\tDirectorate General of Communicable Disease Control and Environmental Health of Ministry of Health Indonesia. Technical Guidelines for Clinical Management of TB-HIV Co-infection. 2012.\r\n[6]\tWHO. Global Tuberculosis Report 2012. \r\n[7]\tGopalan N, Chandrasekaran P, Swaminathan S, Tripathy S. Current trends and intricacies in the management of HIV-associated pulmonary tuberculosis. AIDS Res Ther. 2016;13(34):1-19.\r\n[8]\tHong JY, Lee HJ, Kim SY, Chung KS, Kim EY, et al. Efficacy of IP10 as a biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis treatment. J Infect. 2014;68(3):252-8.\r\n[9]\tLatorre I, Diaz J, Mialdea I, Serra-Vidal M, Altet N, et al. IP10 is an accurate biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in children. J Infect. 2014;69(6):590-9.\r\n[10]\tMurray C, Ortoblad K, Guinovart C, Lim S, Wolock T, et al. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria during 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2014;384(9947):1005-1070.\r\n[11]\tPeter J, Green C, Hoelscher M, Mwaba P, Zumla A, et al. Urine for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: current approaches, clinical applicability and new developments. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2010;16(3):262-70.\r\n[12]\tRuhwald M, Aabye MG, Ravn P. IP10 release assays in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection: current status and future directions. Expert Rev Mol Diagn. 2012;12(2):175-87.\r\n[13]\tPetrone L, Cannas A, Aloi F, Nsubuga M, Sserumkuma J et al. Blood or urine IP10 cannot discriminate between active tuberculosis and respiratory diseases different from children. Biomed Research International. 2015;1-11.\r\n[14]\tWergeland I, Pullar N, Assmus J, Ueland T, Tonby K, et al. IP10 differentiates between active and latent tuberculosis irrespective of HIV status and declines during therapy. J Infect. 2015;70(4):381-91.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 123, 2017"}