{"title":"Effect of PGPB Inoculation, Addition of Biochar, and Mineral N Fertilization on Mycorrhizal Colonization","authors":"Irina Mikajlo, Jaroslav Z\u00e1hora, Helena Dvo\u0159\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1, Jaroslav Hyn\u0161t, Jakub Elbl","volume":108,"journal":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","pagesStart":1219,"pagesEnd":1223,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10003031","abstract":"
Strong anthropogenic impact has uncontrolled
\r\nconsequences on the nature of the soil. Hence, up-to-date sustainable
\r\nmethods of soil state improvement are essential. Investigators provide
\r\nthe evidence that biochar can positively effects physical, chemical,
\r\nand biological soil properties and the abundance of mycorrhizal fungi
\r\nwhich are in the focus of this study. The main aim of the present
\r\ninvestigation is to demonstrate the effect of two types of plant growth
\r\npromoting bacteria (PGPB) inoculums along with the beech wood
\r\nbiochar and mineral N additives on mycorrhizal colonization.
\r\nExperiment has been set up in laboratory conditions with containers
\r\nfilled with arable soil from the protection zone of the main water
\r\nsource “Brezova nad Svitavou”. Lactuca sativa (lettuce) has been
\r\nselected as a model plant. Based on the obtained data, it can be
\r\nconcluded that mycorrhizal colonization increased as the result of
\r\ncombined influence of biochar and PGPB inoculums amendment. In
\r\naddition, correlation analyses showed that the numbers of main
\r\ngroups of cultivated bacteria were dependent on the degree of
\r\nmycorrhizal colonization.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] G. Zalidis, S. Stamatiadis, V. Takavakoglou, K. Eskridge and N.\r\nMisopolinos, \u201cImpacts of agricultural practices on soil and water quality\r\nin the Mediterranean region and proposed assessment methodology\u201d,\r\nAgriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol. 88,pp. 137\u2013146, 2002.\r\n[2] J. Lehmann and S. Joseph, Biochar for Environmental Management:\r\nScience and Technology London, Sterling, VA, 2009.\r\n[3] M. C. Brundrett, \u201cCoevolution of roots and mycorrhizas of land plants\u201d,\r\nNew Phytologist, vol. 154, pp. 275\u2013304, 2002.\r\n[4] K. K. Newsham, A. H. Fitter and A.R. Watkinson, \u201cMulti-functionality\r\nand biodiversity in arbuscular mycorrhizas\u201d, Trends in Ecology &\r\nEvolution, vol. 10, pp. 407\u2013411, 1995.\r\n[5] B. A. Sikes, J. R. Powell and M. C. Rillig, \u201cDeciphering the relative\r\ncontributions of multiple functions within plant-microbe symbioses\u201d,\r\nEcology, vol. 91, pp. 1591\u20131597, 2010.\r\n[6] M. Saito and T. Marumoto, \u201cInoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal\r\nfungi: The status quo in Japan and the future prospects\u201d, Plant and Soil,\r\nvol. 244, pp. 273\u2013279, 2002.\r\n[7] K. K. Treseder and A. Cross, \u201cGlobal distributions of arbuscular\r\nmycorrhizal fungi\u201d, Ecosystems, vol. 9, pp. 305\u2013316, 2006.\r\n[8] M. C. Rillig, \u201cArbuscular mycorrhizae and terrestrial ecosystem\r\nprocesses\u201d, Ecology Letters, vol. 7, pp. 740\u2013754, 2004.\r\n[9] M. W. Schwartz, J. D. Hoeksema, C. A. Gehring, N. C. Johnson, J. N.\r\nKlironomos, L. K. Abbott and A. Pringle, \u201cThe promise and the\r\npotential consequences of the global transport of mycorrhizal fungal\r\ninoculum\u201d, Ecology Letters, vol. 9, pp. 501\u2013515, 2006.\r\n[10] D. D. Warnock, J. Lehmann, T. W. Kuyper and M. C. Rillig,\r\n\u201cMycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil \u2013 concepts and mechanisms\u201d,\r\nPlant and Soil, vol. 300, pp. 9\u201320, 2007.\r\n[11] T. Ezawa, K. Yamamoto and S. Yoshida, \u201cEnhancement of the\r\neffectiveness of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by inorganic\r\nsoil amendments\u201d, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol. 48, pp. 897\u2013\r\n900, 2002.\r\n[12] J. Garbaye, \u201cHelper bacteria: A new dimension to the mycorrhizal\r\nsymbiosis\u201d, New Phytologist, vol. 128, pp. 197\u2013210, 1994.\r\n[13] M. C. Rillig and D. L. Mummey, \u201cMycorrhizas and soil structure\u201d, New\r\nPhytologist, vol. 171, pp. 41\u201353, 2006.\r\n[14] R. E. Koske and J. N. Gemma, \u201cA modified procedure for staining roots\r\nto detect VA mycorrhizas\u201d, Mycological Research, vol. 92, pp. 486 \u2013\r\n505, 1989.\r\n[15] M. Saito, \u201cCharcoal as a micro-habitat for VA mycorrhizal fungi and its\r\npractical implication\u201d, Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, vol.\r\n29, pp. 341\u2013344, 1989.\r\n[16] T. Ishii and K. Kadoya, \u201cEffects of charcoal as a soil conditioner on\r\ncitrus and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal development\u201d, Journal of\r\nthe Japanese Society of Horticultural Science, vol. 63, pp. 529\u2013535,\r\n1994.\r\n[17] Y.-I. Matsubara, N. Hasegawa and H. Fukui, \u201cIncidence of Fusarium\r\nroot rot in asparagus seedlings infected with arbuscular mycorrhizal\r\nfungus as affected by several soil amendments\u201d, Journal of the Japanese\r\nSociety of Horticultural Science, vol. 71, pp. 370\u2013374, 2002.\r\n[18] M. Yamato, Y. Okimori, I. F. Wibowo, S. Anshiori and M. Ogawa,\r\n\u201cEffects of the application of charred bark of Acacia mangium on the\r\nyield of maize, cowpea and peanut, and soil chemical properties in South\r\nSumatra, Indonesia\u201d, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, vol. 52, pp. 489\u2013\r\n495, 2006.\r\n[19] N. C. Johnson, G. W. T. Wilson, M. A. Bowker, J. A. Wilson, R. M.\r\nMiller, \u201cResource limitation is a driver of local adaptation in\r\nmycorrhizal symbioses\u201d, Proceedings of the National Academy of\r\nSciences USA, vol. 107, pp. 2093\u20132098, 2010.\r\n[20] D. D. Warnock, J. Lehmann, T. W. Kuyper and M. C. Rillig,\r\n\u201cMycorrhizal response to biochar in soil \u2013 concepts and mechanisms\u201d,\r\nPlant and Soil, vol. 300, pp. 9\u201320, 2007.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 108, 2015"}