{"title":"A High-Resolution Refractive Index Sensor Based on a Magnetic Photonic Crystal","authors":"Ti-An Tsai, Chun-Chih Wang, Hung-Wen Wang, I-Ling Chang, Lien-Wen Chen","volume":103,"journal":"International Journal of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","pagesStart":415,"pagesEnd":420,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10002509","abstract":"
In this study, we demonstrate a high-resolution
\r\nrefractive index sensor based on a Magnetic Photonic Crystal (MPC)
\r\ncomposed of a triangular lattice array of air holes embedded in Si
\r\nmatrix. A microcavity is created by changing the radius of an air hole
\r\nin the middle of the photonic crystal. The cavity filled with gyrotropic
\r\nmaterials can serve as a refractive index sensor. The shift of the
\r\nresonant frequency of the sensor is obtained numerically using finite
\r\ndifference time domain method under different ambient conditions
\r\nhaving refractive index from n = 1.0 to n = 1.1. The numerical results
\r\nshow that a tiny change in refractive index of Δ<\/span>n = 0.0001 is
\r\ndistinguishable. In addition, the spectral response of the MPC sensor is
\r\nstudied while an external magnetic field is present. The results show
\r\nthat the MPC sensor exhibits a dramatic improvement in resolution.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] J. O. Grepstad, P. Kaspar, O. Solgaard, I. R. Johansen, A. S. Sudb\u00f8,\r\n\u201cPhotonic-crystal membranes for optical detection of single\r\nnano-particles, designed for biosensor application\u201d, Opt. Exp. 2012, 20,\r\n7954-7965.\r\n[2] C. Kang, C. T. Phare, Y. A. Vlasov, S. Assefa, S. M. Weiss, \u201cPhotonic\r\ncrystal slab sensor with enhanced surface area\u201d, Opt. Exp. 2010, 18,\r\n27931-27937.\r\n[3] S. Kita, K. Nozaki, T. Baba, \u201cRefractive index sensing utilizing a cw\r\nphotonic crystal nanolaser and its array configuration\u201d, Opt. Exp. 2008,\r\n16, 8175-8180.\r\n[4] U. Bog, C. L. C. Smith, M. W. Lee, S. Tomljenovic-Hanic, C. Grillet, C.\r\nMonat, L. O\u2019Faolain, C. Karnutsch, T. F. Krauss, R. C. McPhedran, B. J.\r\nEggleton, \u201cHigh-Q microfluidic cavities in silicon-based\r\ntwo-dimensional photonic crystal structures\u201d, Opt. Lett. 2008, 33,\r\n2206-2208.\r\n[5] M. R. Lee, P. M. Fauchet, \u201cTwo-dimensional silicon photonic crystal\r\nbased biosensing platform for protein detection\u201d, Opt. Exp. 2007, 15,\r\n4530-4535.\r\n[6] E. Chow, A. Grot, L. W. Mirkarimi, M. Sigalas, G. Girolami,\r\n\u201cUltracompact biochemical sensor built with two-dimensional photonic\r\ncrystal microcavity\u201d, Opt. Lett. 2004, 29, 1093-1095.\r\n[7] A. Mekis, J. C. Chen, I. Kurland, S. Fan, P. R. Villeneuve, J. D.\r\nJoannopoulous, \u201cHigh transmission through sharp bends in photonic\r\ncrystal waveguides\u201d, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 3787-3790.\r\n[8] P. R. Villeneuve, S. Fan, J. D. Joannopoulos, \u201cMicrocavities in photonic\r\ncrystals: Mode symmetry, tunability, and coupling efficiency\u201d, Phys. Rev.\r\nB 1996, 54, 7837-7842.\r\n[9] Y. Akanhane, T. Asano, B. S. Song, S. Noda, \u201cHigh-Q photonic\r\nnanocavity in a two-dimensional photonic crystal\u201d, Nature 2003, 425,\r\n944-947.\r\n[10] J. D. Joannopoulos, R. D. Meade, J. N. Winn, Photonic Crystals: Molding\r\nthe Flow of Light, Princeton University Press, 1995.\r\n[11] O. Painter, J. Vu\u010dkovi\u010d, A. Scherer, \u201cDefect modes of a two-dimensional\r\nphotonic crystal in an optically thin dielectric slab\u201d, J. Opt. Soc. Am. B\r\n1999, 16, 275-285.\r\n[12] H. Kato, T. Matsushita, A. Takayama, M. Egawa, \u201cTheoretical analysis of\r\noptical and magneto-optical properties of one-dimensional\r\nmagnetophotonic crystals\u201d, J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93, 3906-3911.\r\n[13] S. N. Kurilkina, M. V. Shuba, \u201cPropagation and transformation of the\r\nlight waves in magnetoactive periodic structures\u201d, Opt. Spectrosc. 2002,\r\n93, 918-923.\r\n[14] A. G. Zhdanov, A. A. Fedyanin, O. A. Aktsipetrov, D. Kobayashi, H.\r\nUchida, M. Inoue, \u201cEnhancement of Faraday rotation at\r\nphotonic-band-gap edge in garnet-based magnetophotonic crystals\u201d, J.\r\nMagn. Magn. Mater. 2006, 300, e253-e256.\r\n[15] P. A. Belov, S. A. Tretyakov, A. J. Viitanen, \u201cNonreciprocal microwave\r\nband-gap structures\u201d, Phys. Rev. E 2002, 66, 016608.\r\n[16] A. Figotin, I. Vitebskiy, \u201cElectromagnetic unidirectionality in magnetic\r\nphotonic crystals\u201d, Phys. Rev. B 2003, 67, 165210.\r\n[17] W. \u015amigaj, J. Romero-Vivas, B. Gralak, L. Magdenko, B. Dagens, M.\r\nVanwolleghem, \u201cMagneto-optical circulator designed for operation in a\r\nuniform external magnetic field\u201d, Opt. Lett. 2010, 35, 568-570.\r\n[18] Z. Wang, L. Shen, Z. Yu, X. Zhang, X. Zheng, \u201cHighly efficient\r\nphotonic-crystal splitters based on one-way waveguiding\u201d, J. Opt. Soc.\r\nAm. B 2013, 30, 173-176.\r\n[19] I. H. H. Zabel, D. Stroud, \u201cPhotonic band structures of optically\r\nanisotropic periodic arrays\u201d, Phys. Rev. B 1993, 48, 5004-5012.\r\n[20] A. Soltani Vala, B. Rezaei, M. Kalafi, \u201cTunable defect modes in 2D\r\nphotonic crystals by means of external magnetic fields\u201d, Physica B 2010,\r\n405, 2996-2998.\r\n[21] H. Wang, Y. Luo, Y. T. Wang, H. B. Zhang, Y. T. Fang, \u201cSplitting of\r\ndefect-mode in one-dimensional magnetic photonic crystal\u201d, Physica B\r\n2011, 406, 2977-2981.\r\n[22] D. Jalas, A. Petrov, M. Krause, J. Hampe, M. Eich, \u201cResonance splitting\r\nin gyrotropic ring resonators\u201d, Opt. Lett. 2010, 35, 3438-3440.\r\n[23] K. Sakoda, Optical Properties of Photonic Crystals, Springer, 2001.\r\n[24] S. D. Gedney, \u201cAn anisotropic perfectly matched layer-absorbing\r\nmedium for the truncation of FDTD lattices\u201d, IEEE Trans. Antennas\r\nPropagat. 1996, 44, 1630-1639.\r\n[25] B. E. A. Saleh, M. C. Teich, Fundamentals of Photonics,\r\nWiley-Interscience, 2007.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 103, 2015"}