The Effectiveness of Metaphor Therapy on Depression among Female Students
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32799
The Effectiveness of Metaphor Therapy on Depression among Female Students

Authors: Marzieh Talebzadeh Shoushtari

Abstract:

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Metaphor therapy on depression among female students. The sample included 60 female students with depression symptoms selected by simple sampling and randomly divided into two equal groups (experimental and control groups). Beck Depression Inventory was used to measure the variables. This was an experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design with control group. Eight metaphor therapy sessions were held for the experimental group. A post-test was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results showed that the Metaphor therapy decreased depression in the experimental group compared to the control group.

Keywords: Metaphor therapy, depression, female, students.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108853

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2686

References:


[1] Glucksberg, S. (2003). The psycholinguistics of metaphor. TRENDS in Cognitive Sciences, 7(2), 92-96.
[2] Orthony, A., Reynolds, R.E. & Alter, J.A. (1978). Metaphor: Theoretical and empirical research. Psychological Bulletin 85, 919-943.
[3] Black, M. (1962), Models and Metaphors, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
[4] Witztum , E, Vanderhart, O & Friedman, B. (1988). The Use of Metaphors in Psychotherapy. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 18(4), 270-290.
[5] Legowski, T., & Brownlee, K. (2001). Working with Metaphor in Narrative Therapy. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 12(1), 19-28.
[6] Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (2003). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
[7] Smith, K. A. (2008). Restructuring Metaphors: Using Mental Re- Mapping in Cognitive Coaching. Journal of Rational-Emotional Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 26, 16–124.
[8] Forouzanfar, B. (2007). Rumi's life. Tirgan publication, Tehran.
[9] Stott, R., Mansel, W., Salkoviskis, P., Lavender, A., & Cartwright Hatton, S. (2010). Oxford guide to metaphors in CBT: Building cognitive bridges. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
[10] Binesh, M.,(2009). Figurative language and metaphorical thinking. Monthly management, 209, 73-69.
[11] Alizadeh Fard, S., Ahadi, H., Ashayeri, H., & Eskandari, H. (2012).The Effect of Metaphor on memory in bilingual subjects. The Journal of Language research, University of Al-Zahra, 3(6), 52-53.
[12] Sumathipala, A., Siribaddana, S., Hewege, S., Sumathipala, K., Prince, M., & Mann, A. (2008). Understanding the explanatory model of the patient on their medically unexplained symptoms and its implication on treatment development research: A Sri Lanka study. BMC Psychiatry, 8, 54.
[13] Ahammed, Sh. (2010). Applying Qur’anic Metaphors in Counseling. International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 32, 248–255.
[14] Rapp, A. M., Mutschler, D. E., & Erb, M. (2012). Where in the brain is non-literal language? A coordinate-based Meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies. NeuroImage, 63, 600–610
[15] Pennebaker, J. W. (2012). How Do Therapists Understand Their Client’s Problem and Its Resolution: Objectification in Theories of Change Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 42, 93–100.
[16] Stoffer, E.S. (2000). The effect of discussion and self-focusing on interpersonal problem solving among dysphoric and non-dysphoric individuals. PhD Thesis, University of Calgary, Canada.
[17] Possel, P. (2009). Cognitive triad inventory (CTI): Psychometric properties and factor structure of the German translation. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 40(2), 240-7.
[18] Sumathipala, A. (2013). Development of metaphors to explain cognitive behavioural principles for patients with medically unexplained symptoms in Sri Lanka. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 1, 1- 8.
[19] Khorshidi, A., Ahmadian, A., Esmaeeli far, N., & Hassan Abadi, H. (2012). Effectiveness of Metaphorical-Allegorical Training Strategy in the Psychotherapy. Journal of Education and Management Studies, 2(4):105-114.
[20] Levitt H, Korman Y., & Angus L. (2000). A metaphor analysis in treatment of depression: metaphor as a marker of change. Counseling Psychology, 13, 23-35.
[21] Snyder, M. (1996). Our ‘other history’: poetry as a meta-metaphor for narrative therapy. Journal of Family Therapy, 18, 337-359.
[22] Salimi Bajestani, H., ShafI Abadi, A., Etemadi, A., & Ahmadi, k. (2012).The comparison of counseling based Adler acting with recognition based on analogy on mental health, Journal of behavioral science, 6(3).
[23] Alizadeh Fard, S., Ahadi, H., Ashayeri, H., & Eskandari, H. (2010). The effectiveness of metaphors in the First and Second Language in Metaphor therapy in Bilingual patients with Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2 (2), 74.
[24] Khan Ahmadi, M. (2006).The effectiveness of Metaphor Therapy on depression and compared with Beck's cognitive therapy and control group. M.A. Thesis, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran.
[25] Esmaeili nasab, M., Eskandari, H., & Borjali, A. (2006). Life stories of people with depression and anxiety compared with normal individuals. Advances in Cognitive Science, 7(3), 58-64.
[26] Vamoosi, A. (2004). The Study of Concept of Life metaphors semantic differences between depressed and healthy students. M.A thesis, Islamic Azad University of Rodhen.
[27] Naziri, G. (2004) .The Study of the effectiveness of metaphors in the process of cognitive behavioral Therapy for depressed patients. PhD thesis, Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Tehran.
[28] Isa Zadegan, A. (2006). The Study of the semantic processing of emotional information and the role of metaphor in the treatment of depression among patients with OCD compared with people with personality trait of extroversion. PhD thesis, Psychology, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran.
[29] Hamedi, R., & Kaviani, H. (2004). The relationship between metaphors and depressed mood. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 6(1).
[30] Ghasemzadeh, H., mojtabaie, R., karamghdiri, W., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2005). Psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of The BeckDepression Inventory- second edition, BDI-II-Persian, Depression and Anxiety, 21, 185-192.
[31] Naziri, G., Gasemzadeh, H., Atif Waheed, MK., & Bayan Zadeh, S.A. (2005). The introduction of semantic differential method and its application in assessing depressed patients. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology, 41,204-211.
[32] Behjati, Z., Hatami, J., & Khomami, S. (2012). The Comparison of selfreference in affective working memory in depressed and non-depressed women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 4(2).
[33] Motabi, F., Fata, L., Moloodi, R., Ziai, K., & Jafari, H. (2011). Development and Validation of Depression-Related Beliefs Scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 17 (3), 208-217.