{"title":"Enhancement of Rice Straw Composting Using UV Induced Mutants of Penicillium Strain","authors":"T. N. M. El Sebai, A. A.Khattab, Wafaa M. Abd-El Rahim, H. Moawad","volume":92,"journal":"International Journal of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering","pagesStart":949,"pagesEnd":954,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10000937","abstract":"
Fungal mutant strains have produced cellulase and
\r\nxylanase enzymes, and have induced high hydrolysis with enhanced
\r\nof rice straw. The mutants were obtained by exposing Penicillium
\r\nstrain to UV-light treatments. Screening and selection after treatment
\r\nwith UV-light were carried out using cellulolytic and xylanolytic
\r\nclear zones method to select the hypercellulolytic and
\r\nhyperxylanolytic mutants. These mutants were evaluated for their
\r\ncellulase and xylanase enzyme production as well as their abilities for
\r\nbiodegradation of rice straw. The mutant 12 UV\/1 produced 306.21%
\r\nand 209.91% cellulase and xylanase, respectively, as compared with
\r\nthe original wild type strain. This mutant showed high capacity of
\r\nrice straw degradation. The effectiveness of tested mutant strain and
\r\nthat of wild strain was compared in relation to enhancing the
\r\ncomposting process of rice straw and animal manures mixture. The
\r\nresults obtained showed that the compost product of inoculated
\r\nmixture with mutant strain (12 UV\/1) was the best compared to the
\r\nwild strain and un-inoculated mixture. Analysis of the composted
\r\nmaterials showed that the characteristics of the produced compost
\r\nwere close to those of the high quality standard compost. The results
\r\nobtained in the present work suggest that the combination between
\r\nrice straw and animal manure could be used for enhancing the
\r\ncomposting process of rice straw and particularly when applied with
\r\nfungal decomposer accelerating the composting process.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] Sabaa, M. F. and M. F. Sharaf. Egyptian policies for rice development.\r\nCahiers Options M\u00e9diterran\u00e9ennes, 2000. 40: 25\u201336.\r\n[2] Schwartz, J., D. Slater, T.V. Larson, W.F. Pierson and J.Q. Koenig,\r\nParticulate air pollution and hospital emergency room visits for asthma\r\nin Seattle. American Rev. Respirable Diseases, 1993. 147: 826\u201331.\r\n[3] Moussa, M. I. and A. M. Abdelkhalek. Meteorological analysis for black\r\ncloud (Episodes) formation and its monitoring by remote sensing.\r\nJournal of applied sciences research, 2007. 3, 2: 147-154.\r\n[4] Parr, J. F., R. I. Papendick, S. B. Hornick and R. E. Meyer, Soil Quality:\r\nattributes and relationship to alternative and sustainable agriculture.\r\nAmerican J. Altern. Agric., 1992. 7: 5\u201311.\r\n[5] Hamajima, D., K. Kuroda, Y. Fukumoto and K. Hoga. Effect of addition\r\nof organic waste on reduction of Escherichia coli during cattle faces\r\ncomposting under high moisture condition. Bioresour. Technol. 2006.\r\n97, 1626-1630.\r\n[6] Rynk, R., On-farm Composting Handbook. Northeast Regional\r\nAgricultural Engineering Service (NRAES-54), Cooperative Extension\r\nService, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, U.S.A. 1992.\r\n[7] Montenecourt, B.S. and D.E. Eveleigh. Preparation of mutants of\r\nTrichoderma reesei with enhanced cellulase production. Appl. Environ.\r\nMicrobol., 1977. 34: 777-782.\r\n[8] Montenecourt, B.S. and D.E. Eveleigh. Semi- quantitative plate assay\r\nfor determination of cellulase production by Trichoderma viride. Appl.\r\nEnviron. Microbol., 1977. 33: 178-183.\r\n[9] Morikawa Y.; M. Kawamori; Y. Ado; Y. Shinsha; F. oda and S.\r\nTakasawa. Improvement of cellulose production in Trichoderma reesei.\r\nAgric. Biol. Chem., 1985. 49: 1869-1871.\r\n[10] Brown J.A; D.J. Falconer and T.M. Wood Isolation and properties of\r\nmutants of the fungus Penicillium pinophilum with enhanced cellulase\r\nand \u00df-glucosidase production Enzyme Miorob. Technol., 1987. 9:169-\r\n175.\r\n[11] Kumar R. and R.P. Sing. Semi-solid-state fermentation of Eicchornia\r\ncrassipes biomass lingocellulosic biopolymer for cellulase and \u00dfglucosidase\r\nproduction by co-cultivation of Aspergillus niger RK3 and\r\nTrichoderma ressei MTCC 164. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 2001. 96:\r\n71-82.\r\n[12] El-Bondkly, A.M.A. (2002). Genetic transformation in Trichoderma\r\nreesei for the improvement of cellulase production. Ph.D., Thesis, Tanta\r\nUniv., Fac. of Agric., Dept. of Genetics, Egypt. 2002.[13] Khattab A. A.; Abd El-Fattah Sh. M. and Fatma, N. Talkhan.\r\nEnhancement of rice straw biodegradation by cellulolytic and\r\nxylanolytic enzymes via improvement of nontoxicogenic fungus\r\nPenicillium sp. Arab Univ. J. Agric. Sci. Ain Shams Univ., Cairo, 2004\r\n12: 653-667.\r\n[14] Toyama, H and N. Toyama Successive construction of cellulase\r\nhyperproducers of Trichoderma using hyperploids. Appl. Biochem.\r\nBiotechnol., 2000. 84-86: 419-429.\r\n[15] Ferreira G., Cinthia G. Boer, Rosane M. Peralta. Production of\r\nxylanolytic enzymes by Aspergillus tamarii in solid state fermentation\r\nFEMS Microbiology Letters. 1999. 173, 335^339\r\n[16] Allen, A.L. and R.E Andreotti. Cellulase production in continuous and\r\nfed- batch culture by Trichoderma reesei MCG 80. biotechnol. Bioeng.\r\nSymp.1982. 12:451-459.\r\n[17] Fatma., T.N.; S.A. Dora; A.M. El-Bondkly; A.A. Ismail and S.A. Abd-\r\nAllah. Genetic improvement of Trichoderma reesei for cellulase\r\nenzymes production through mutation breading. Bull., NRC, Egypt,\r\n2003. 28 (4): 509-226.\r\n[18] Veeken A. H. M., Adami F., Nierop K. G. J., de Jager, Hamerlers H. V.\r\nM. Degradation of biomacromolecules during high-rate composting of\r\nwheat straw-amended feces. 2001. 30, 5, 1675-1684.\r\n[19] Abdulla, H. Enhancement of rice straw composting by lignocellulolytic\r\nActinomycetes strains. International journal of agriculture and biology,\r\n2007, 9, 1, 106-109.\r\n[20] Asad, S. A., A. Bano, M. Farooq, M. Aslam and A. Afzal, Comparative\r\nStudy of the Effects of Bio-fertilizers on Nodulation and Yield\r\nCharacteristics of Mung Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Int. J. Agric.\r\nBiol., 2004. 6: 837\u2013843.\r\n[21] Mahmoud, Y. I., A. A. Awad and A. A. Alkahal. The feasibility of\r\ncomposting olive mill solid residues with various agricultural wastes.\r\nInternational journal of academic research, 2012. 4, 1:158-167.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 92, 2014"}