{"title":"Analysis of Some Solutions to Protect the Tombolo of GIENS","authors":"Yves Lacroix, Van Van Than, Didier Leandri, Pierre Liardet","volume":99,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":178,"pagesEnd":187,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10000571","abstract":"
The tombolo of Giens is located in the town of Hyères
\r\n(France). We recall the history of coastal erosion, and prominent
\r\nfactors affecting the evolution of the western tombolo. We then
\r\ndiscuss the possibility of stabilizing the western tombolo. Our
\r\nargumentation relies on a coupled model integrating swells, currents,
\r\nwater levels and sediment transport. We present the conclusions of
\r\nthe simulations of various scenarios, including pre-existing
\r\npropositions from coastal engineering offices. We conclude that
\r\nbeach replenishment seems to be necessary but not sufficient for the
\r\nstabilization of the beach. Breakwaters reveal effective particularly in
\r\nthe most exposed northern area. Some solutions fulfill conditions so
\r\nas to be elected as satisfactory. We give a comparative analysis of the
\r\nefficiency of 14 alternatives for the protection of the tombolo.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] J. J. Blanc, \"Recherches s\u00e9dimentologiques sur la protection du littoral\r\n\u00e0 la presqu\u2019ile de Giens (Var),\" Rapport final,1973.\r\n[2] A. Jeudy De Grissac, \"S\u00e9dimentologie dynamique des rades d'Hy\u00e8res et\r\nde Giens (Var). Probl\u00e8mes d'Am\u00e9nagements,\" Ph.D. dissertation,\r\nUniversit\u00e9 d'Aix-Marseille II, Marseille, 1975.\r\n[3] V. V. Than, \"Mod\u00e9lisation al\u00e9atoire de processus d'\u00e9rosion c\u00f4ti\u00e8re:\r\napplication a la partie ouest du tombolo de Giens,\" Ph.D. dissertation,\r\nAix Marseille Universit\u00e9, Marseille, 2015.\r\n[4] P. Serantoni and O. Lizaud, \"Suivi de l'\u00e9volution des plages de la\r\ncommune Hy\u00e8res-les-palmiers,\" Rapport final,2000-2010.\r\n[5] J. Courtaud, \"Dynamiques geomorphologiques et risques littoraux cas\r\ndu tombolo de giens (Var, France m\u00e9ridionale),\" Ph.D. dissertation,\r\nUniversit\u00e9 Aix-Marseille I, 2000.\r\n[6] DDE and CETE, \"Protection du Tombolo Ouest de Giens. Etude de\r\ndune,\" Hy\u00e8res, Rapport final,1992.\r\n[7] J. J. Blanc, \"Ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes d'\u00e9rosions sous-marines \u00e0 la Presqu'\u00eele de\r\nGiens (Var),\" CR Acad. Sci. Paris, vol. 278, pp. 1821-1823, 1974.\r\n[8] HYDRO M, \"Etude d'impact sur l'environnement du projet de\r\nprotection du tombolo ouest de la presqu'ile de Giens,\" Rapport\r\nfinal,1993.\r\n[9] J. J. Blanc, \"Recherches de s\u00e9dimentologie appliqu\u00e9e au littoral\r\nrocheux de la Provence. Am\u00e9nagement et protection,\" Marseille,\r\nRapport final,1975.\r\n[10] ERAMM, \"Etude sur la protection de la partie Nord du tombolo Ouest\r\nde Giens,\" Rapport final,2001.\r\n[11] SOGREAH, \"Protection du tombolo Ouest,\" Rapport final,1988.\r\n[12] H. S. Tang, T. R. Keen, and R. Khanbilvardi, \"A model-coupling\r\nframework for nearshore waves, currents, sediment transport, and\r\nseabed morphology,\" Communications in Nonlinear Science and\r\nNumerical Simulation, vol. 14, pp. 2935-2947, 2009.\r\n[13] United States Army Corps of U. S. S. Army Corps Of Engineers and\r\nCoastal Engineering Research Center, Shore Protection Manual vol. 1:\r\nDepartment of the Army, Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,\r\nMississippi, 1984.\r\n[14] Y.-C. Liao, J.-H. Jiang, Y.-P. Wu, and C.-P. Lee, \"Experimental study\r\nof wave breaking criteria and energy loss caused by a submerged\r\nporous breakwater on horizontal bottom,\" Journal of Marine Science\r\nand Technology, vol. 21, pp. 35-41, 2013.\r\n[15] A. Cazala, J. Deterne, G. Crespy, P. Garnier, G. D. Monchy, and P.\r\nRimattei, \"Rapport sur la comparaison au niveau europ\u00e9en des co\u00fbts de\r\nconstruction, d\u2019entretien et d\u2019exploitation des routes,\" ed: Contr\u00f4le\r\ng\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e9conomique et financier & Conseil g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des ponts, 2006, p.\r\n48.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 99, 2015"}