{"title":"Influence of Chirp of High-Speed Laser Diodes and Fiber Dispersion on Performance of Non-Amplified 40-Gbps Optical Fiber Links","authors":"Moustafa Ahmed, Ahmed Bakry, Safwat W. Z. Mahmoud","volume":97,"journal":"International Journal of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","pagesStart":12,"pagesEnd":17,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10000136","abstract":"
We model and simulate the combined effect of fiber
\r\ndispersion and frequency chirp of a directly modulated high-speed
\r\nlaser diode on the figures of merit of a non-amplified 40-Gbps optical
\r\nfiber link. We consider both the return to zero (RZ) and non-return to
\r\nzero (NRZ) patterns of the pseudorandom modulation bits. The
\r\nperformance of the fiber communication system is assessed by the
\r\nfiber-length limitation due to the fiber dispersion. We study the
\r\ninfluence of replacing standard single-mode fibers by non-zero
\r\ndispersion-shifted fibers on the maximum fiber length and evaluate
\r\nthe associated power penalty. We introduce new dispersion
\r\ntolerances for 1-dB power penalty of the RZ and NRZ 40-Gbps
\r\noptical fiber links.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] H. Dalir and F. Koyama, \u201cBandwidth enhancement of single-mode\r\nVCSEL with lateral optical feedback of slow light,\u201d IEICE Electron.\r\nExpress, vol. 8, July 2011, pp. 1075\u20131081.\r\n[2] K. Petermann, Laser diode modulation and noise. Kluwer Academic\r\nPublishers, Dordrecht, 1988.\r\n[3] K. Sato, S. Kuwahar, and Y. Miyamoto, \u201cChirp characteristics of 40-\r\nGb\/s directly modulated distributed-feedback laser diodes,\u201d J. Lightwave\r\nTechnol., vol. 23, Nov. 2005, pp. 3790-3797.\r\n[4] K. Yvind, D. Larsson, L. J. Christiansen, C. Angelo, L. K. Oxenlowe, J.\r\nMork, D. Birkedal, J. M. Hvan, and J. Hanberg, \u201cLow-jitter and highpower\r\n40-GHz all-active mode-locked lasers,\u201d IEEE Photon.\r\nTechnno.Lett.,vol. 16, April 2004, pp. 975-977.\r\n[5] ITU-T draft recommendation G. 693, \u201cOptical interfaces for intra-office\r\nsystems,\u201d 2001.\r\n[6] C. H. Henry, \u201cPhase noise in injection lasers,\u201d IEEE J. Lightwave\r\nTechnol., vol. LT-4, March 1986, pp. 298\u2013311.\r\n[7] M. Ahmed, \u201cSpectral lineshape and noise of semiconductor lasers under\r\nanalog intensity modulation,\u201d J. Phys. D., vol. 41, Aug. 2008, 175104\r\n(10pp).\r\n[8] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-optic communication systems. John Wiley & Sons\r\nInc., New York , 2002.\r\n[9] M. F. Ahmed, A. H. Bakry and F. T. Albelady, \u201cDigital Modulation\r\nCharacteristics of High-Speed Semiconductor Laser for Use in Optical\r\nCommunication Systems,\u201d Arab. J. Sci. Eng., vol. 39, April 2014, pp.\r\n5745 \u2013 5752.\r\n[10] T. L. Koch, and J. E. Bowers, \u201cNature of wavelength chirping in directly\r\nmodulated semiconductor lasers,\u201d Electron. Lett., vol. 20, Dec. 1984, pp.\r\n1038 -1039.\r\n[11] K. Y. Lau, \u201cGain switching of semiconductor injection lasers,\u201d J.Appl\r\nPhys. Lett., vol. 52, Jan. 1988, pp. 257-259.\r\n[12] H. F. Liu, S. Oshiba, Y. Ogawa and Y. Kawai, \u201cMethod of Generating\r\nNearly Transform-Limited Pulses from Gain-Switched Distributed-\r\nFeedback Laser Diodes and Its Application to Soliton Transmission\u201d,\r\nOpt. Lett., vol. 17, Jan. 1992, pp. 64 \u2013 66.\r\n[13] E. Peral, W. K. Marshall, and A. Yariv, \u201cPrecise measurement of\r\nsemiconductor laser chirp using effect of propagation in dispersive fiber\r\nand application to simulation of transmission through fiber gratings,\u201d J.\r\nLightwave Technol., vol. 16, Oct. 1998, pp. 1874-1880.\r\n[14] A. Villafranca, J. Lasobras, and I. Garc\u00e9s, \u201cPrecise characterization of\r\nthe frequency chirp in directly modulated DFB laser,\u201d Prec. 6th Spa.\r\nConf. Electron. Dev. Madrid, 2007, pp. 173 - 176.\r\n[15] O. Boukari, L.Hassine, O.Latry, M. Ketata, and H. Bouchriha.\r\n\u201cCharacterization of the chirp in semiconductor laser under modulation,\u201d\r\nJ. Mat. Sci. Eng. C, vol. 28, July 2009, pp. 671\u2013675.\r\n[16] P. Krehlik \u201cDirectly modulated lasers in negative dispersion fiber links,\u201d\r\nOpto-Electron. Rev., vol. 15, June 2007, pp 71-77.\r\n[17] M. Ahmed, \u201cModeling and simulation of dispersion-limited fiber\r\ncommunication systems employing directly modulated laser diodes,\u201d\r\nIndian J. Phys., vol. 86, Nov. 2012, pp. 1013-1020.\r\n[18] S. Balle, M. Homar, and M. S. Miguel, \u201cStatistical properties of the\r\nspectrum of light pulses in fast pseudorandom word modulation of a\r\nsingle-mode semiconductor laser,\u201d IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 31,\r\nAug. 1995, pp. 1401-1408.\r\n[19] A. Yin, L. Li, and X. Zhang, \u201cAnalysis of modulation format in the 40\r\nGbit\/s optical communication system,\u201d Optik - Intl. J. Light and\r\nElectron. Opt., vol. 121, Sept. 2010, pp. 1550-1557.\r\n[20] D. Liu, L. Wang, and J.-J. He, \u201cRate equation analysis of high speed Qmodulated\r\nsemiconductor laser,\u201d J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 28, Sept.\r\n2010, pp. 3128-3135.\r\n[21] M. Ahmed, S. Mahmoud, and A. Mahmoud, \u201cInfluence of\r\npseudorandom bit format on the direct modulation performance of\r\nsemiconductor lasers,\u201d Pramana J. Phys., vol. 79, Dec. 2012, pp. 1443-\r\n1456.\r\n[22] M. Ahmed, S. W. Z. Mahmoud, and A. A. Mahmoud, \u201cComparative\r\nstudy on modulation dynamic characteristics of laser diodes using RZ\r\nand NRZ bit formats,\u201d Int. J. of Num. Model., vol. 27, May 2013, pp.\r\n138-152.\r\n[23] M. Ahmed, M. Yamada, and S. W. Z. Mahmoud, \u201cAnalysis of\r\nsemiconductor laser dynamics under gigabit rate modulation,\u201d J. Appl.\r\nPhys., vol. 101 , Feb. 2007, pp. 3119-3126.\r\n[24] M. Ahmed, \u201cInfluence of transmission bit rate on performance of optical\r\nfiber communication systems with direct modulation of laser diodes,\u201d J.\r\nPhys. D, vol. 42, Sept. 2009, pp. 185104-185111.\r\n[25] M. Ahmed and A. El-Lafi, \u201cAnalysis of small-signal intensity\r\nmodulation of semiconductor lasers taking account of gain suppression,\u201d\r\nPramana J. Phys., vol. 71, July 2008, pp.99-115.\r\n[26] S. W. Z. Mahmoud, M. Ahmed, and R. Michalzik, \u201cInfluence of optical\r\nfeedback-induced phase on turn-on dynamics of vertical-cavity surfaceemitting\r\nlasers,\u201d Proc. 46th IEEE Midwest Symp. Circuit. Syst.\r\n(MWSCAS\u20192003), Cairo, Dec. 2004, pp. 1354-1358.\r\n[27]\tM. Ahmed, \"Numerical approach to field fluctuations and spectral lineshape in InGaAsP laser diodes\", Intl. J. Numer. Model.Simul.Vol. 17, March 2004, pp. 147-163.\r\n[28] I. Kim, T. J. Miller, and Y. K. Park, \u201c10-Gb\/s transmission using 1.3-\u03bcm\r\nlow-chirp high-power directly modulated, packaged DFB laser module\r\nfor short distance (<50 km) applications,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. ,\r\nvol. 9, Aug. 1997, pp. 1167-1169.\r\n[29] I. Tomkos, B. Hallock, I. Roudas, R. Hesse, A. Boskovic, J. Nakano,\r\nand R. Vodhanel, \u201c10-Gb\/s transmission of 1.55-\u03bcm directly modulated\r\nsignal over 100 km of negative dispersion fiber,\u201d IEEE Photon. Technol.\r\nLett., vol. 13, Jul. 2001, pp. 735-737.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 97, 2015"}