@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/9999718,
	  title     = {Historical Landscape Affects Present Tree Density in Paddy Field},
	  author    = {Ha T. Pham and  Shuichi Miyagawa},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {Ongoing landscape transformation is one of the major
causes behind disappearance of traditional landscapes, and lead to
species and resource loss. Tree in paddy fields in the northeast of
Thailand is one of those traditional landscapes. Using three different
historical time layers, we acknowledged the severe deforestation and
rapid urbanization happened in the region. Despite the general
thinking of decline in tree density as consequences, the heterogeneous
trend of changes in total tree density in three studied landscapes denied
the hypothesis that number of trees in paddy field depend on the length
of land use practice. On the other hand, due to selection of planting
new trees on levees, existence of trees in paddy field now relies on
their values for human use. Besides, changes in land use and landscape
structure had a significant impact on decision of which tree density
level is considered as suitable for the landscape.
},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering},
	  volume    = {8},
	  number    = {11},
	  year      = {2014},
	  pages     = {1217 - 1222},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/9999718},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/95},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 95, 2014},
	}