{"title":"Physical, Chemical and Mineralogical Characterization of Construction and Demolition Waste Produced in Greece","authors":"C. Alexandridou, G. N. Angelopoulos, F. A. Coutelieris","volume":93,"journal":"International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":975,"pagesEnd":981,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9999382","abstract":"
Construction industry in Greece consumes annually
\r\nmore than 25 million tons of natural aggregates originating mainly
\r\nfrom quarries. At the same time, more than 2 million tons of
\r\nconstruction and demolition waste are deposited every year, usually
\r\nwithout control, therefore increasing the environmental impact of this
\r\nsector. A potential alternative for saving natural resources and
\r\nminimize landfilling, could be the recycling and re-use of Concrete
\r\nand Demolition Waste (CDW) in concrete production. Moreover, in
\r\norder to conform to the European legislation, Greece is obliged to
\r\nrecycle non-hazardous construction and demolition waste to a
\r\nminimum of 70% by 2020. In this paper characterization of recycled
\r\nmaterials - commercially and laboratory produced, coarse and fine,
\r\nRecycled Concrete Aggregates (RCA) - has been performed. Namely,
\r\nX-Ray Fluorescence and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were used
\r\nfor chemical and mineralogical analysis respectively. Physical
\r\nproperties such as particle density, water absorption, sand equivalent
\r\nand resistance to fragmentation were also determined. This study,
\r\nfirst time made in Greece, aims at outlining the differences between
\r\nRCA and natural aggregates and evaluating their possible influence
\r\nin concrete performance. Results indicate that RCA’s chemical
\r\ncomposition is enriched in Si, Al, and alkali oxides compared to
\r\nnatural aggregates. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses results
\r\nindicated the presence of calcite, quartz and minor peaks of mica and
\r\nfeldspars. From all the evaluated physical properties of coarse RCA,
\r\nonly water absorption and resistance to fragmentation seem to have a
\r\ndirect influence on the properties of concrete. Low Sand Equivalent
\r\nand significantly high water absorption values indicate that fine
\r\nfractions of RCA cannot be used for concrete production unless
\r\nfurther processed. Chemical properties of RCA in terms of water
\r\nsoluble ions are similar to those of natural aggregates. Four different
\r\nconcrete mixtures were produced and examined, replacing natural
\r\ncoarse aggregates with RCA by a ratio of 0%, 25%, 50% and 75%
\r\nrespectively. Results indicate that concrete mixtures containing
\r\nrecycled concrete aggregates have a minor deterioration of their
\r\nproperties (3-9% lower compression strength at 28 days) compared to
\r\nconventional concrete containing the same cement quantity.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] WFD Directive 2008\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the\r\nCouncil of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives\r\n[2] RILEM TC 217-PRE report pp. 34-223.\r\n[3] Chi-Sun Poon, \"The use of recycled aggregate in concrete in Hong\r\nKong, Resources, Conservation and Recycling 50 (2007) 293\u2013305.\r\n[4] Xuping Li \"Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in ChinaPart I.\r\nMaterial behavior of recycled aggregate concrete\u201d, Resources,\r\nConservation and Recycling 53 (2008) 36\u201344.\r\n[5] Xuping Li, \"Recycling and reuse of waste concrete in China Part II.\r\nStructural behavior of recycled aggregate concrete and engineering\r\napplications,\u201d Resources, Conservation and Recycling 53 (2009) 107\u2013\r\n112.\r\n[6] R. Hadjieva-Zaharieva, \"Building waste management in Bulgaria:\r\nchallenges and opportunities\u201d Waste Management 23 (2003) 749\u2013761.\r\n[7] Khaldoun Rahal, \"Mechanical properties of concrete with recycled\r\ncoarse aggregate\u201d, Building and Environment 42 (2007) 407\u2013415)\r\n[8] Sami W. Tabsh et al., \"Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on\r\nstrength properties of concrete\u201d, Construction and Building Materials 23\r\n(2009) 1163\u20131167).\r\n[9] Etxeberria E. et al., \"Influence of amount of recycled coarse aggregates\r\nand production process on properties of recycled aggregate concrete\u201d,\r\nCement and Concrete Research, Volume 37, Issue 5, May 2007, Pages\r\n735-742.\r\n[10] Khatib J.M., \"Properties of concrete incorporating fine recycled\r\naggregates\u201d, Cement and Concrete Research 35 (2005), 763-769.\r\n[11] K. K. Sagoe-Crentsil, \"Performance of concrete made with\r\ncommercially produced aggregates\u201d, Cement and Concrete Research, 31\r\n(2009), 707-712.\r\n[12] M.C. Limbachiya, \"Chemical\u2013mineralogical characterisation of coarse\r\nrecycled concrete aggregate\u201d,Waste Management 27 (2007) 201\u2013208.\r\n[13] G. Bianchini, \"Recycling of construction and demolition waste\r\nmaterials: a chemical\u2013mineralogical appraisal\u201d, Waste Management 25\r\n(2005) 149\u2013159.\r\n[14] S.C. Angulo, \"Chemical\u2013mineralogical characterization of C&D waste\r\nrecycled aggregates from S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil\u201d, Waste Management 29\r\n(2009) 721\u2013730.\r\n[15] Fernando Rodrigues, \"Physical chemical and mineralogical\r\ncharacterization of fine aggregates from construction and demolition\r\nwaste recycling plants\u201d Journal of Cleaner Production 52 (2013), 438-\r\n445.\r\n[16] A.\u0395. SAVVA, \"Experimental approach of the use of industrially\r\nrecycled aggregates in the production of new concrete\u201d, Tech. Chron.\r\nSci. J. TCG, No 2, 45-57.\r\n[17] S. Mavridou, Part II, 16th Concrete Congress, \u03a4\u0395\u0395, \u0395\u03a4\u0395\u039a, 21-23\/10\/\r\n2009, Paphos, Cyprus.\r\n[18] EN 206-1: 2013Concrete - Specification, performance, production and\r\nconformity.\r\n[19] EN 933-11:2009: Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part\r\n11: Classification test for the constituents of coarse recycled aggregate.\r\n[20] EN 12620:2013 Aggregates for concrete.\r\n[21] EN 1744-1:2009 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 1:\r\nChemical analysis.\r\n[22] EN 1744-5:2009 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 5:\r\nDetermination of acid soluble chloride salts.\r\n[23] EN 1744-6:2006 Tests for chemical properties of aggregates - Part 6:\r\nDetermination of the influence of recycled aggregate extract on the\r\ninitial setting time of cement.\r\n[24] EN 196.3:2011 Methods of testing cement - Part 3: Determination of\r\nsetting times and soundness.\r\n[25] EN 933-1:2012 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1:\r\nDetermination of particle size distribution - Sieving method.\r\n[26] EN 1097-6:2013 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of\r\naggregates - Part 6: Determination of particle density and water\r\nabsorption.\r\n[27] EN 933-8:2012 Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 8:\r\nAssessment of fines - Sand equivalent test.\r\n[28] EN 1097-2:2010 Tests for mechanical and physical properties of\r\naggregates - Part 2: Methods for the determination of resistance to\r\nfragmentation.\r\n[29] EN 12390-3:2009 Testing hardened concrete - Part 3: Compressive\r\nstrength of test specimens.\r\n[30] Neville, A. 1996, Properties of Concrete, 4th ed., Wiley, London, UK,\r\n844p.\r\n[31] Amnon Katz, \"Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregatefrom\r\npartially hydrated old concrete\u201d, Cement and Concrete Research 33\r\n(2003) 703\u2013 711.\r\n[32] M. Chakradhara Rao, \"Influence of field recycled coarse aggregate on\r\nproperties of concrete\u201d, Materials and Structures (2011) 44:205-220\r\n[33] C.S. Poon et al., \"Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive\r\nstrength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates\u201d, Construction\r\nand Building Materials 18 (2004) 461\u2013468.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 93, 2014"}