{"title":"Cellulose Extraction from Pomelo Peel: Synthesis of Carboxymethyl Cellulose","authors":"J. Chumee, D. Seeburin","volume":89,"journal":"International Journal of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering","pagesStart":435,"pagesEnd":438,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/9998337","abstract":"
The cellulose was extracted from pomelo peel and an
\r\netherification reaction used for converting cellulose to carboxymethyl
\r\ncellulose (CMC). The pomelo peel was refluxed with 0.5 M HCl and 1
\r\nM NaOH solution at 90°C for 1 h and 2 h, respectively. The cellulose
\r\nwas bleached with calcium hypochlorite and used as precursor. The
\r\nprecursor was soaked in mixed solution between isopropyl alcohol and
\r\n40%w\/v NaOH for 12 h. After that, chloroacetic acid was added and
\r\nreacted at 55°C for 6 h. The optimum condition was 5 g of cellulose:
\r\n0.25 mole of NaOH : 0.07 mole of ClCH2COOH with 78.00% of yield.
\r\nMoreover, the product had 0.54 of degree of substitution (DS).<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] B. H. Hameed, D. K. Mahmoud and A. L. Ahmad \"Sorption of basic dye\r\nfrom aqueous solution by pomelo\u201d Colloids and Surfaces A:\r\nPhysicochem. Eng. Aspects, vol. 316, Mar. 2008, pp. 78\u201384.\r\n[2] P. Methacanon, J. Krongsin and C. Gamonpilas \"Pomelo (Citrus maxima)\r\npectin: Effects of extraction parameters and its properties\u201d Food\r\nHydrocolloids, vol. 35, Mar. 2014, pp. 383\u2013391.\r\n[3] W. Xu, N. Reddy and Y. Yang, \"Extraction, characterization and\r\npotential applications of cellulose in corn kernels and Distillers\u2019 dried\r\ngrains with solubles (DDGS)\u201d, Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 76, May 2009,\r\npp. 521\u2013527.\r\n[4] X. Hu, K. Hu, L. Zeng, M. Zhao and H. Huang, \"Hydrogels prepared from\r\npineapple peel cellulose using ionic liquid and their characterization and\r\nprimary sodium salicylate release study\u201d Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 82,\r\nAugust 2010, pp. 62\u201368.\r\n[5] P. Rachtanapun, S. Luangkamin, K. Tanprasert and R. Suriyatem\r\n\"Carboxymethyl cellulose film from durian rind\u201d LWT - Food Sci.\r\nTechnol., vol. 48, Sep. 2012, pp. 52\u201358.\r\n[6] H. To\u011frul and N. Arslan \"Production of carboxymethyl cellulose from\r\nsugar beet pulp cellulose and rheological behaviour of carboxymethyl\r\ncellulose\u201d Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 54, Oct. 2003, pp. 73\u201382.\r\n[7] V. Pushpamalar, S. J. Langford, M. Ahmad and Y.Y. Lim, \"Optimization\r\nof reaction conditions for preparing carboxymethyl cellulose from sago\r\nwaste\u201d Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 64, May. 2006, pp. 312\u2013318.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 89, 2014"}