{"title":"Symmetry Breaking and the Emergence of Branching Structures in Morphogenesis: Minimal Conditions and Mechanical Interactions between Cells","authors":"M. Margarida Costa, Jorge Sim\u00e3o","volume":20,"journal":"International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering","pagesStart":195,"pagesEnd":199,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/8780","abstract":"
The minimal condition for symmetry breaking in morphogenesis of cellular population was investigated using cellular automata based on reaction-diffusion dynamics. In particular, the study looked for the possibility of the emergence of branching structures due to mechanical interactions. The model used two types of cells an external gradient. The results showed that the external gradient influenced movement of cell type-I, also revealed that clusters formed by cells type-II worked as barrier to movement of cells type-I.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] R. Takaki, \"Can morphogenesis be understood in terms of physical\r\nrules?\" Jounal Bioscience, vol. 30, pp. 87-92, 2005.\r\n[2] A. M. Turing, \"The chemical basis of morphogenesis,\" Philosophical\r\nTransactions of the Royal Society (B), vol. 237, pp. 37-72, 1952.\r\n[3] H. Meinhardt, \"Pattern formation in biology: A comparison of models\r\nand experiments.\" Reports on Progress in Physics, no. 55, pp. 797-849,\r\n1992.\r\n[4] M. H. Gierer, A., \"A theory of biological pattern formation,\"\r\nKybernetik, no. 12, pp. 30-39, 1972.\r\n[5] J. D. Murray, Nonlinear Differential Equation Models in Biology.\r\nOxford Clarendon Press, 1977.\r\n[6] O. A.K. Harris, Murray, \"Mechanical aspects of mesenchymal\r\nmorphogenesis,\" J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol., no. 78, pp. 83-125, 1983.\r\n[7] L. I. Held, Models for embryonic periodicity. Basel: Karger, 1992.\r\n[8] D. J. Forest, \"Morphogenetic processes:application to cambial growth\r\ndynamics.\" Acta Biotheoretica, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 415-438, 2004.\r\n[9] F. D. J, \"A general formalism for tissue morphogenesis based on cellular\r\ndynamics and control system interactions.\" Acta Biotheoretica, vol. 56,\r\nno. 1-2, pp. 1-172, 2008.\r\n[10] I. et al., \"Compucell, a multi-model framework for simulation of\r\nmorphogenesis,\" Bioinformatics, vol. 20, no. 7, pp. 1129-1137, 2004.\r\n[11] C. e. a. Cickovski, Chengbang, \"A framework for three-dimensional\r\nsimulation of morphogenesis,\" IEEE\/ACM Transactions on\r\nComputational Biology and Bioinformatics, vol. 2, no. 3, July-Setember\r\n2005.\r\n[12] N. S.A. and C. W.D., \"Generic physical mechanisms of morphogenesis\r\nand pattern formation,\" Development, vol. 110, pp. 1-18, 1989.\r\n[13] R. Dilao, \"The reaction-diffusion approach to morphogenesis,\" in\r\nproceedings of 4th Brazilian Symposium on Mathematical and\r\nComputational Biology,1th International Symposium on Mathematical\r\nand Computational Biology, BIOMAT IV. Brazil: R., 2004.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 20, 2008"}