%0 Journal Article
	%A S. Hirokawa and  M. Fukunaga and  M. Mawatari
	%D 2013
	%J International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering
	%B World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
	%I Open Science Index 74, 2013
	%T Calculation of the Forces Acting on the Knee Joint When Rising from Kneeling Positions (Effects of the Leg Alignment and the Arm Assistance on the Knee Joint Forces)
	%U https://publications.waset.org/pdf/857
	%V 74
	%X Knee joint forces are available by in vivo measurement
using an instrumented knee prosthesis for small to moderate knee
flexion but not for high flexion yet. We created a 2D mathematical
model of the lower limb incorporating several new features such as a
patello-femoral mechanism, a thigh-calf contact at high knee flexion
and co-contracting muscles' force ratio, then used it to determine knee
joint forces arising from high knee flexions in four kneeling
conditions: rising with legs in parallel, with one foot forward, with or
without arm use. With arms used, the maximum values of knee joint
force decreased to about 60% of those with arms not used. When rising
with one foot forward, if arms are not used, the forward leg sustains a
force as large as that sustained when rising with legs parallel.
	%P 111 - 116