@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/857, title = {Calculation of the Forces Acting on the Knee Joint When Rising from Kneeling Positions (Effects of the Leg Alignment and the Arm Assistance on the Knee Joint Forces)}, author = {S. Hirokawa and M. Fukunaga and M. Mawatari}, country = {}, institution = {}, abstract = {Knee joint forces are available by in vivo measurement using an instrumented knee prosthesis for small to moderate knee flexion but not for high flexion yet. We created a 2D mathematical model of the lower limb incorporating several new features such as a patello-femoral mechanism, a thigh-calf contact at high knee flexion and co-contracting muscles' force ratio, then used it to determine knee joint forces arising from high knee flexions in four kneeling conditions: rising with legs in parallel, with one foot forward, with or without arm use. With arms used, the maximum values of knee joint force decreased to about 60% of those with arms not used. When rising with one foot forward, if arms are not used, the forward leg sustains a force as large as that sustained when rising with legs parallel.}, journal = {International Journal of Biomedical and Biological Engineering}, volume = {7}, number = {2}, year = {2013}, pages = {111 - 116}, ee = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/857}, url = {https://publications.waset.org/vol/74}, bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/}, issn = {eISSN: 1307-6892}, publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology}, index = {Open Science Index 74, 2013}, }