@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/7136,
	  title     = {Closing the Achievement Gap Within Reading and Mathematics Classrooms by Fostering Hispanic Students- Educational Resilience},
	  author    = {Hersh C. Waxman and  Yolanda N. Padrón and  Jee-Young Shin and  Héctor H. Rivera},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {While many studies have conducted the achievement
gap between groups of students in school districts, few studies have
utilized resilience research to investigate achievement gaps within
classrooms. This paper aims to summarize and discuss some recent
studies Waxman, Padr├│n, and their colleagues conducted, in which
they examined learning environment differences between resilient
and nonresilient students in reading and mathematics classrooms.
The classes consist of predominantly Hispanic elementary school
students from low-income families. These studies all incorporated
learning environment questionnaires and systematic observation
methods. Significant differences were found between resilient and
nonresilient students on their classroom learning environments and
classroom behaviors. The observation results indicate that the amount
and quality of teacher and student academic interaction are two of the
most influential variables that promote student outcomes. This paper
concludes by suggesting the following teacher practices to promote
resiliency in schools: (a) using feedback from classroom observation
and learning environment measures, (b) employing explicit teaching
practices; and (c) understanding students on a social and personal
level.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Educational and Pedagogical Sciences},
	  volume    = {2},
	  number    = {4},
	  year      = {2008},
	  pages     = {429 - 439},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/7136},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/16},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 16, 2008},
	}