{"title":"The Flashbulb Memory of the Positive and Negative Events: Wenchuan Earthquake and Acceptance to College","authors":"Aiping Liu, Xiaoping Ying, Jing Luo","volume":65,"journal":"International Journal of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences","pagesStart":738,"pagesEnd":744,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/6656","abstract":"
53 college students answered questions regarding the circumstances in which they first heard about the news of Wenchuan earthquake or the news of their acceptance to college which took place approximately one year ago, and answered again two years later. The number of details recalled about their circumstances for both events was high and didn-t decline two years later. However, consistency in reported details over two years was low. Participants were more likely to construct central (e.g., Where were you?) than peripheral information (What were you wearing?), and the confidence of the central information was higher than peripheral information, which indicated that they constructed more when they were more confident.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] Bohannon, J.N., 3rd, Flashbulb memories for the space shuttle disaster: a tale of two theories. Cognition, 1988. 29(2): pp. 179-196.\r\n[2] McCloskey, M., C.G. Wible, and N.J. Cohen, Is there a special\r\nflashbulb-memory mechanism? Journal of Experimental Psychology:\r\nGeneral, 1988. 117(2): pp. 171.\r\n[3] Neisser, U. and N. Harsch, Phantom flashbulbs: False recollections of\r\nhearing the news about Challenger. Affect and accuracy in recall:\r\nStudies of \u201cflashbulb\u201d memories, 1992. 4: pp. 9-31.\r\n[4] Lee, P.J. and N.R. Brown, Delay related changes in personal memories\r\nfor September 11, 2001. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2003. 17(9):\r\npp. 1007-1015.\r\n[5] Luminet, O., et al., The cognitive, emotional, and social impacts of the\r\nSeptember 11 attacks: Group differences in memory for the reception\r\ncontext and the determinants of flashbulb memory. Journal of General\r\nPsychology, 2004. 131(3): pp. 197-224.\r\n[6] Pezdek, K., Event memory and autobiographical memory for the events\r\nof September 11, 2001. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2003. 17(9): pp.\r\n1033-1045.\r\n[7] Brown, R. and J. Kulik, Flashbulb memories. Cognition, 1977. 5(1): pp.\r\n73-99.\r\n[8] Pillemer, D.B., Flashbulb memories of the assassination attempt on\r\nPresident Reagan. Cognition, 1984. 16(1): pp. 63-80.\r\n[9] Christianson, S.A., Flashbulb memories: special, but not so special.\r\nMemory & Cognition, 1989. 17(4): pp. 435-443.\r\n[10] Finkenauer, C., et al., Flashbulb memories and the underlying\r\nmechanisms of their formation: Toward an emotional-integrative model.\r\nMemory & Cognition, 1998. 26(3): pp. 516-531.\r\n[11] Schmidt, S.R., Autobiographical memories for the September 11th\r\nattacks: Reconstructive errors and emotional impairment of memory.\r\nMemory & Cognition, 2004. 32(3): pp. 443-454.\r\n[12] Schmolck, H., E.A. Buffalo, and L.R. Squire, Memory distortions\r\ndevelop over time: Recollections of the O.J. Simpson trial verdict after\r\n15 and 32 months. Psychological Science, 2000. 11(1): pp. 39-45.\r\n[13] Talarico, J.M. and D.C. Rubin, Confidence, not consistency,\r\ncharacterizes flashbulb memories. Psychological Science, 2003. 14(5):\r\npp. 455-461.\r\n[14] Talarico, J.M. and D.C. Rubin, Flashbulb memories are special after all;\r\nin phenomenology, not accuracy. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 2007.\r\n21(5): pp. 557-578.\r\n[15] Romeu, P.F., Memories of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001: A\r\nstudy of the consistency and phenomenal characteristics of flashbulb\r\nmemories. Spanish Journal of Psychology, 2006. 9(1): pp. 52-60.\r\n[16] Christianson, S.A. and E. Engelberg, Memory and emotional\r\nconsistency: The MS Estonia ferry disaster. Memory, 1999. 7(4): pp.\r\n471-482.\r\n[17] Scott, D. and V. Ponsoda, The role of positive and negative affect in\r\nflashbulb memory. Psychological Reports, 1996. 79(2): pp. 467-473.\r\n[18] Wright, D.B. and S.J. Anderson, Comments on Scott and Ponsoda's\r\n(1996) positive and negative flashbulb memories. Psychological\r\nReports, 1996. 79(3): pp. 1169-1170.\r\n[19] Tekcan, A.I., Flashbulb memories for a negative and a positive event:\r\nNews of Desert Storm and acceptance to college. Psychological Reports,\r\n2001. 88(2): pp. 323-331.\r\n[20] \u989c\u4e43\u6b23, \u5218\u6167\u7f8e, \u8d1f\u5411\u4e0e\u6b63\u5411\u4e8b\u4ef6\u7684\u9541\u5149\u706f\u8bb0\u5fc6. \u6559\u80b2\u4e0e\u5fc3\u7406\u7814\u7a76,\r\n2004. 27(2): pp. 353-376.\r\n[21] Cubelli, R. and S. Della Sala, Flashbulb memories: special but not\r\niconic. Cortex, 2008. 44(7): pp. 908-909.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 65, 2012"}