%0 Journal Article
	%A Khaled. M. Faqih
	%D 2010
	%J International Journal of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering
	%B World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
	%I Open Science Index 45, 2010
	%T A Vortex Plate Theory of Hovering Animal Flight
	%U https://publications.waset.org/pdf/662
	%V 45
	%X A model of vortex wake is suggested to determine the
induced power during animal hovering flight. The wake is modeled
by a series of equi-spaced rigid rectangular vortex plates, positioned
horizontally and moving vertically downwards with identical speeds;
each plate is generated during powering of the functionally wing
stroke. The vortex representation of the wake considered in the
current theory allows a considerable loss of momentum to occur. The
current approach accords well with the nature of the wingbeat since it
considers the unsteadiness in the wake as an important fluid
dynamical characteristic. Induced power in hovering is calculated as
the aerodynamic power required to generate the vortex wake system.
Specific mean induced power to mean wing tip velocity ratio is
determined by solely the normal spacing parameter (f) for a given
wing stroke amplitude. The current theory gives much higher specific
induced power estimate than anticipated by classical methods.
	%P 841 - 852