Evolved Strokes in Non Photo–Realistic Rendering

Authors: Ashkan Izadi, Vic Ciesielski

Abstract:

We describe a work with an evolutionary computing algorithm for non photo–realistic rendering of a target image. The renderings are produced by genetic programming. We have used two different types of strokes: “empty triangle" and “filled triangle" in color level. We compare both empty and filled triangular strokes to find which one generates more aesthetic pleasing images. We found the filled triangular strokes have better fitness and generate more aesthetic images than empty triangular strokes.

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Evolutionary programming, Geneticprogramming, Non photo–realistic rendering.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1058695

References:

[1] P. Barile, V. Ciesielski, and K. Trist. Non-photorealistic rendering using genetic programming. In SEAL -08: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Simulated Evolution and Learning, pages 299-308, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2008. Springer-Verlag.
[2] U. Chakraborty and H. Kang. Stroke-based rendering by evolutionary algorithm. pages 52 - 57, Dec. 2004.
[3] J. P. Collomosse. Evolutionary search for the artistic rendering of photographs. In J. Romero and P. Machado, editors, The Art of Artificial Evolution, Natural Computing Series.
[4] B. Gooch, G. Coombe, and P. Shirley. Artistic vision: painterly rendering using computer vision techniques. In NPAR -02: Proceedings of the 2nd international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering, pages 83-ff, New York, NY, USA, 2002. ACM.
[5] P. Haeberli. Paint by numbers: abstract image representations. In SIGGRAPH -90: Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 207-214, New York, NY, USA, 1990. ACM.
[6] A. Hertzmann. Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes. In SIGGRAPH -98: Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 453-460, New York, NY, USA, 1998. ACM.
[7] A. Hertzmann. Painterly rendering with curved brush strokes of multiple sizes. In SIGGRAPH -98: Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 453-460, New York, NY, USA, 1998. ACM.
[8] J. R. Koza. Fundamental Algorithms, volume 1 of On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural. MIT press, Cambridge, Mass., four edition, December 1992.
[9] P. Litwinowicz. Processing images and video for an impressionist effect. page 407414. ACM SIGGRAPH, 1997.
[10] P. H. P. Collomosse. Genetic paint: A search for salient paintings. In Applications on Evolutionary Computing, pages 437-447, New York, NY, USA, 2005. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg.
[11] M. P. Salisbury, M. T. Wong, J. F. Hughes, and D. H. Salesin. Orientable textures for image-based pen-and-ink illustration. In SIGGRAPH -97: Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 401-406, New York, NY, USA, 1997. ACM Press/Addison-Wesley Publishing Co.
[12] U.-M. D. F. Semet, Y. O Reilly. An interactive artificial ant approach to non-photorealistic rendering. In Genetic and Evolutionary Computation GECCO 2004, pages 188-200. SpringerLink, 2004.
[13] K. Sims. Artificial evolution for computer graphics. In SIGGRAPH -91: Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, pages 319-328, New York, NY, USA, 1991. ACM.
[14] R. Storn and K. Price. Differential evolution a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. Journal of Global Optimization, 11, December.
[15] D. Terzopoulos. Artificial life for computer graphics. Commun. ACM, 42(8):32-42, 1999.
[16] S. Todd and W. Latham. Evolutionary Art and Computers. Academic Press, Inc., Orlando, FL, USA, 1994.
[17] J. A. Vince. Mathematics for Computer Graphics, chapter 12, pages 193-221. Undergraduate Topics in Computer Science. Springer London, 2006.
[18] D. Whitley. A genetic algorithm tutorial. In Statistics and Computing, pages 65-85, Netherland, October 2004. Springer.