{"title":"Estimation of Carbon Released From Dry Dipterocarp Forest Fire in Thailand","authors":"Ubonwan Chaiyo, Yannick Pizzo, Savitri Garivait","volume":81,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":614,"pagesEnd":618,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/16690","abstract":"
This study focused on the estimation of carbon released to the atmosphere from dry dipterocarp forest (DDF) fires in Thailand. Laboratory experiments were conducted using a cone calorimeter to simulate the DDF fires. The leaf litter collected from DDF in western Thailand was used as biomass fuel. Three different masses of leaf litter were employed, 7g, 10g and 13g, to estimate the carbon released from this type of vegetation fire to the atmosphere. The chemical analysis of the leaf litter showed that the carbon content in the experimental biomass fuel was 46.0±0.1%. From the experiments, it was found that more than 95% of the carbon input was converted to carbon released to the atmosphere, while less than 5% were left in the form of residues, and returned to soil. From the study, the carbon released amounted 440.213±2.243 g\/kgdry biomass<\/sub>, and the carbon retained in the residues was 19.786±2.243 g\/kgdry biomass<\/sub>. The quantity of biomass fuel consumed to produce 1 g of carbon released was 2.27±0.01gkgdry biomass<\/sub>. Using these experimental data of carbon produced by the DDF fires, it was estimated that this type of fires in 2009 contributed to 4.659 tonnes of carbon released to the atmosphere, and 0.229 tonnes of carbon in the residues to be returned to soil in Thailand.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] Forest Fire Control Office, Forest fire control yearly report: National \r\nPark Wildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand, \r\n2005. (in Thai) \r\n[2] S.Samran\u201cEffect of forest fire on change in above ground biomass in the \r\nMaeklong mixed deciduous forest, Kanchanaburi province, \r\nThailand\u201dConference on Climate Change in Forest: The Potential of \r\nForest in Support of the Kyoto Protocol, organized by the National Park \r\nWildlife and Plant Conservation Department, Bangkok, Thailand, 2005, \r\npp. 351-362 (in Thai). \r\n[3] S.Suthivanit \u201cEffects of fire frequency on vegetation in dry dipterocarp \r\nforest at Sakarat, ChangwatNakornRatchasima\u201d Master thesis, Forest \r\nResource Administration, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, \r\n1998, 170 pages (in Thai). \r\n[4] Wanthongchai, K., Bauhus, J. and Goldammer, J. G., 2008 \u201cNutrient \r\nlosses through prescribed burning of aboveground litter and understorey \r\nin dry dipterocarp forests of different fire history\u201d. Catena74, 321-332. \r\n[5] Reid, J.S., Koppman, R., Eck, R.F., and Eluterio, D.P., 2005, \u201cA review \r\nof biomass burning emissions. Part II: Intensive physical properties of \r\nbiomass burning particles. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 5, 2008, \r\n799-825. \r\n[6] Andreae, M. O. and Merlet, P.,2001, \u201cEmissions of trace gases and \r\naerosols from biomass burning\u201d. Global Biogeochemistry Cycles 15(4), \r\n955-966. \r\n[7] Nelson, R. M., 1992,\u201cAn evaluation of carbon mass technique for \r\nestimating emission factors and fuel consumption in forest fires\u201d. U.S. \r\nDepartment of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest \r\nExperimental Station, Asheville, NC, Research Paper SE-231, 1992. ","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 81, 2013"}