@article{(Open Science Index):https://publications.waset.org/pdf/13876,
	  title     = {Effects of Formic Acid on the Chemical State and Morphology of As-synthesized and Annealed ZnO Films},
	  author    = {Chueh-Jung Huang and  Chia-Hung Li and  Hsueh-Lung Wang and  Tsun-Nan Lin},
	  country	= {},
	  institution	= {},
	  abstract     = {Zinc oxide thin films with various microstructures
were grown on substrates by using HCOOH-sols. The reaction
mechanism of the sol system was investigated by performing an XPS
analysis of as-synthesized films, due to the products of hydrolysis
and condensation in the sol system contributing to the chemical state
of the as-synthesized films. The chemical structures of the assynthesized
films related to the microstructures of the final annealed
films were also studied. The results of the Zn 2p3/2, C 1s and O1s
XPS patterns indicate that the hydrolysis reaction in the sol system is
strongly influenced by the HCOOH agent. The results of XRD and
FE-SEM demonstrated the microstructures of the annealed films are
related to the content of hydrolyzed zinc hydrate (Zn-OH) species
present, and that content of the Zn-OH species in the sol system
increases the HCOOH adding, and these Zn-OH species existing in
the sol phase are responsible for large ZnO crystallites in the final
annealed films.},
	    journal   = {International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering},
	  volume    = {4},
	  number    = {5},
	  year      = {2010},
	  pages     = {288 - 292},
	  ee        = {https://publications.waset.org/pdf/13876},
	  url   	= {https://publications.waset.org/vol/41},
	  bibsource = {https://publications.waset.org/},
	  issn  	= {eISSN: 1307-6892},
	  publisher = {World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology},
	  index 	= {Open Science Index 41, 2010},
	}