{"title":"Sediment Transport Monitoring in the Port of Veracruz Expansion Project","authors":"Francisco Lia\u00f1o-Carrera, Jos\u00e9 Isaac Ram\u00edrez-Mac\u00edas, David Salas-Monreal, Mayra Lorena Riveron-Enzastiga, Marcos Rangel-Avalos, Adriana Andrea Rold\u00e1n-Ubando","volume":123,"journal":"International Journal of Environmental and Ecological Engineering","pagesStart":228,"pagesEnd":234,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10006475","abstract":"
The construction of most coastal infrastructure developments around the world are usually made considering wave height, current velocities and river discharges; however, little effort has been paid to surveying sediment transport during dredging or the modification to currents outside the ports or marinas during and after the construction. This study shows a complete survey during the construction of one of the largest ports of the Gulf of Mexico. An anchored Acoustic Doppler Current Velocity profiler (ADCP), a towed ADCP and a combination of model outputs were used at the Veracruz port construction in order to describe the hourly sediment transport and current modifications in and out of the new port. Owing to the stability of the system the new port was construction inside Vergara Bay, a low wave energy system with a tidal range of up to 0.40 m. The results show a two-current system pattern within the bay. The north side of the bay has an anticyclonic gyre, while the southern part of the bay shows a cyclonic gyre. Sediment transport trajectories were made every hour using the anchored ADCP, a numerical model and the weekly data obtained from the towed ADCP within the entire bay. The sediment transport trajectories were carefully tracked since the bay is surrounded by coral reef structures which are sensitive to sedimentation rate and water turbidity. The survey shows that during dredging and rock input used to build the wave breaker sediments were locally added (< 2500 m2<\/sup>) and local currents disperse it in less than 4 h. While the river input located in the middle of the bay and the sewer system plant may add more than 10 times this amount during a rainy day or during the tourist season. Finally, the coastal line obtained seasonally with a drone suggests that the southern part of the bay has not been modified by the construction of the new port located in the northern part of the bay, owing to the two subsystem division of the bay.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tB. Cisin-Sain, S. Belfiore, \u201cLinking marine protected areas to integrated coastal and ocean management: a review of theory and practice\u201d. Ocean Coast Manage 48: 847-868, 2005.\r\n[2]\tT. Hsu, T. Lin, I. Tseng, \u201cHuman impact on coastal erosion in Taiwan\u201d. J Coast Res 23:961-973, 2007.\r\n[3]\tR.J. Maharaj, \u201cMonitoring and control of coral reef dredging in Pacific Small Island\u201d SOPAC Miscellaneous Report 404, 2001.\r\n[4]\tM.A. Rangel-Avalos, L.K.B. Jordan, B.K. Walker, D.S. Gilliam, E. Carvajal-Hinojosa, R.E. Spieler, \u201cFish and coral reef communities of the Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (Veracruz Coral Reef System National Park) Veracruz, Mexico: preliminary results\u201d. Proc Gulf and Caribb Fish Inst 60:427-435, 2008.\r\n[5]\tD. Salas-Monreal, D.A. Salas-de-Le\u00f3n, M.A. Monreal-G\u00f3mez, M.L. River\u00f3n-Enz\u00e1stiga \u201cCurrent rectification in a tropical coral reef system\u201d Coral Reefs DOI 10.1007\/s00338-009-0521-9, 2009.\r\n[6]\tD. Salas-Monreal, D.A. Salas-de-Leon, M.A. Monreal-Gomez, M.L. Riveron-Enzastiga, E. Mojica-Ramirez \u201cHydraulic jump in the Goulf of California\u201d Open Journal of Marine Science, Pag.1-9, 2012.\r\n[7]\tD Salas-Monreal, A. Valle-Levinson, \u201cContinuously stratified flow dynamics over a hollow\u201d Journal of Geophysical Research \u2013 oceans (doi:10.1029\/2007JC004648), Vol.114, 2009.\r\n[8]\tM.A. Monreal-Gomez, D.A. Salas-de-Le\u00f3n, \u201cSimulaci\u00f3n de la Circulaci\u00f3n en la Bah\u00eda de Campeche,\u201d Geofisica Internacional, Vol. 29, 1990, pp. 101-111, 2010.\r\n[9]\tJ.J. Salas-P\u00e9rez, D. Salas-Monreal, M.A. Monreal-G\u00f3mez, M.L. Riveron-Enzastiga, C. Llasat, \u201cSeasonal aabsolute acoustic intensity, atmospheric forcing and currents in a tropical coral reef system\u201d Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science (DOI 10.1016\/J.ECSS.2012.01.002), Vol.3, Pag.1-11, 2012.\r\n[10]\tO. Gallegos, A. L\u00f3pez. \u201cFragmentaci\u00f3n y segregaci\u00f3n en el espacio litoral-urbano: el caso del corredor tur\u00edstico Veracruz-Boca del R\u00edo\u201d. Estudios multidisciplinarios en turismo. Volumen 1. Secretar\u00eda de Turismo. ISBN 978-968-814-111-3. P. 139-174, 2006\r\n[11]\tI.C. Chacon-Gomez, D. Salas-Monreal, M.L. Riveron-Enzastiga \u201cCurrent pattern and coral larval dispersi\u00f3n in a tropical coral reef system\u201d Continental Shelf Research (DOI: 10.1016\/J.CSR.2013.08.014), Vol.1, Pag.1-14, 2013.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 123, 2017"}