Feature Vector Fusion for Image Based Human Age Estimation
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32804
Feature Vector Fusion for Image Based Human Age Estimation

Authors: D. Karthikeyan, G. Balakrishnan

Abstract:

Human faces, as important visual signals, express a significant amount of nonverbal info for usage in human-to-human communication. Age, specifically, is more significant among these properties. Human age estimation using facial image analysis as an automated method which has numerous potential real‐world applications. In this paper, an automated age estimation framework is presented. Support Vector Regression (SVR) strategy is utilized to investigate age prediction. This paper depicts a feature extraction taking into account Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), which can be utilized for robust face recognition framework. It applies GLCM operation to remove the face's features images and Active Appearance Models (AAMs) to assess the human age based on image. A fused feature technique and SVR with GA optimization are proposed to lessen the error in age estimation.

Keywords: Support vector regression, feature extraction, gray level co-occurrence matrix, active appearance models.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339710

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 1261

References:


[1] Punitha, A., and Geetha, M. K. (2013). Texture based Emotion Recognition from Facial Expressions using Support Vector Machine. algorithms (eg Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), 1, 6.
[2] Lin, C. T., Li, D. L., Lai, J. H., Han, M. F., and Chang, J. Y. (2012). Automatic age estimation system for face images. International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems, 29.
[3] Geng, X., Zhou, Z. H., and Smith-Miles, K. (2007). Automatic age estimation based on facial aging patterns. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 29(12), 2234-2240.
[4] Guo, G., Fu, Y., Dyer, C. R., and Huang, T. S. (2008). Image-based human age estimation by manifold learning and locally adjusted robust regression. Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 17(7), 1178-1188.
[5] Ramanathan, N., and Chellappa, R. (2006, June). Modeling age progression in young faces. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2006 IEEE Computer Society Conference on (Vol. 1, pp. 387-394). IEEE.
[6] Dibeklioglu, H., Alnajar, F., Ali Salah, A., and Gevers, T. (2015). Combining Facial Dynamics with Appearance for Age Estimation. Image Processing, IEEE Transactions on, 24(6), 1928-1943.
[7] Tharwat, A., Ghanem, A. M., and Hassanien, A. E. (2013, December). Three different classifiers for facial age estimation based on K-nearest neighbor. InComputer Engineering Conference (ICENCO), 2013 9th International (pp. 55-60). IEEE.
[8] Chen, Y. L., and Hsu, C. T. (2013). Subspace learning for facial age estimation via pairwise age ranking. Information Forensics and Security, IEEE Transactions on, 8(12), 2164-2176.
[9] Zhang, Y., and Yeung, D. Y. (2010, June). Multi-task warped gaussian process for personalized age estimation. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2010 IEEE Conference on (pp. 2622-2629). IEEE.
[10] Liu, K. H., Yan, S., and Kuo, C. C. J. Age Estimation via Grouping and Decision Fusion.
[11] Guo, G., and Wang, X. (2012, June). A study on human age estimation under facial expression changes. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2012 IEEE Conference on (pp. 2547-2553). IEEE.
[12] Lanitis, A. (2010, March). Age estimation based on head movements: A feasibility study. In Communications, Control and Signal Processing (ISCCSP), 2010 4th International Symposium on (pp. 1-6). IEEE.
[13] Li, W., Wang, Y., and Zhang, Z. (2012, March). A hierarchical framework for image-based human age estimation by weighted and OHRanked Sparse Representation-based classification. In Biometrics (ICB), 2012 5th IAPR International Conference on (pp. 19-25). IEEE.
[14] Guo, G., and Zhang, C. (2014, June). A study on cross-population age estimation. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2014 IEEE Conference on (pp. 4257-4263). IEEE.
[15] Choi, S. E., Lee, Y. J., Lee, S. J., Park, K. R., and Kim, J. (2010, December). A comparative study of local feature extraction for age estimation. In Control Automation Robotics and Vision (ICARCV), 2010 11th International Conference on (pp. 1280-1284). IEEE.
[16] Fu, Y., Guo, G., and Huang, T. S. (2010). Age synthesis and estimation via faces: A survey. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, IEEE Transactions on, 32(11), 1955-1976.
[17] Tokola, R., Bolme, D., Boehnen, C., Barstow, D., and Ricanek, K. (2014, September). Discriminating projections for estimating face age in wild images. In Biometrics (IJCB), 2014 IEEE International Joint Conference on (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
[18] Li, C., Liu, Q., Liu, J., and Lu, H. (2012, June). Learning ordinal discriminative features for age estimation. In Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), 2012 IEEE Conference on (pp. 2570-2577). IEEE.
[19] Panis, G., and Lanitis, A. (2014, September). An overview of research activities in facial age estimation using the fg-net aging database. In Computer Vision-ECCV 2014 Workshops (pp. 737-750). Springer International Publishing.
[20] Al Shalabi, L., Shaaban, Z., and Kasasbeh, B. (2006). Data mining: A preprocessing engine. Journal of Computer Science, 2(9), 735-739.
[21] T. Cootes and P. Kittipanya-ngam. Comparing variations on the active appearance model algorithm. In Proceedings of the British Machine Vision Conference, volume 2, pages 837– 846, 2002.
[22] S. Sclaroff and J. Isidoro. Active blobs: region-based, deformable appearance models. Com- puter Vision and Image Understanding, 89(2/3):197–225, Feb. 2003.
[23] Matthews, I., and Baker, S. (2004). Active appearance models revisited. International Journal of Computer Vision, 60(2), 135-164.
[24] R. M. Haralick, K. Shanmugan, and I. H. Dinstein, “Textural features for image classification,” IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, Cybern., vol. SMC-3, pp. 610–621, May 1973.
[25] D. Haverkamp, L.-K. Soh, and C. Tsatsoulis, “A comprehensive, auto- mated approach to determining sea ice thickness from SAR data,” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing, vol. 33, pp. 46–57, Jan. 1995.
[26] Soh and Tsatsoulis “Texture Analysis of SAR Sea Ice Imagery Using Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrices”, 1999.
[27] Y. W. Wang, P. C. Chang, C. Y. Fan, and C. H. Huang, “Database classification by integrating a case- based reasoning and support vector machine for induction,” Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 31–44, 2010.
[28] L. Zhang, W. D. Zhou, and P. C. Chang, “Generalized nonlinear discriminant analysis and its small sample size problems,” Neuro computing, vol. 74, no. 4, pp. 568–574, 2011.
[29] Vapnik, V. N. (2000). The nature of statistical learning theory. Statistics for Engineering and Information Science. Springer-Verlag, New York.
[30] Shao, Y. E. (2014). Body fat percentage prediction using intelligent hybrid approaches. The Scientific World Journal, 2014.
[31] H.J. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass, USA, 1992.
[32] D.E. Goldberg, Genetic Algorithms in Search, Optimization, and Machine Learning, vol. 412, Addison-Wesley, Reading Menlo Park, Calif, USA, 1989.
[33] Wang, J., Zhou, Q., Jiang, H., and Hou, R. (2014). Short-term wind speed forecasting using support vector regression optimized by cuckoo optimization algorithm. Mathematical Problems in Engineering.
[34] Wu, C. H., Tzeng, G. H., and Lin, R. H. (2009). A Novel hybrid genetic algorithm for kernel function and parameter optimization in support vector regression. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(3), 4725-4735.
[35] Yuan, F. C. (2012). Parameters optimization using genetic algorithms in support vector regression for sales volume forecasting. Applied Mathematics, 3(10), 1480.