{"title":"Preparation of Nanophotonics LiNbO3 Thin Films and Studying Their Morphological and Structural Properties by Sol-Gel Method for Waveguide Applications","authors":"A. Fakhri Makram, Marwa S. Alwazni, Al-Douri Yarub, Evan T. Salim, Hashim Uda, Chin C. Woei ","volume":113,"journal":"International Journal of Chemical and Molecular Engineering","pagesStart":519,"pagesEnd":525,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10004302","abstract":"
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3<\/sub>) nanostructures are prepared on quartz substrate by the sol-gel method. They have been deposited with different molarity concentration and annealed at 500°C. These samples are characterized and analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). The measured results showed an importance increasing in molarity concentrations that indicate the structure starts to become crystal, regular, homogeneous, well crystal distributed, which made it more suitable for optical waveguide application.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1]\tM. A. Fakhri, Y. Al-Douri, U. Hashim,E. T. Salim,\u201dAnnealing Temperature Effects on Morphological and Optical Studies of Nano and Micro Photonics Lithium Niobate using for Optical Waveguide Applications \u201c Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 9, pp.128-133., 2015.\r\n[2]\tM. A. Fakhri, Y. Al-Douri, U. Hashim, E. T. Salim, \"Optical investigations of photonics lithium niobate\", Solar Energy, vol. 120, pp. 381-388, 2015.\r\n[3]\tYoung-Bae Park and Bumki Min et al \u201cIntegration of Single-Crystal LiNbO3 thin Film on Silicon by Laser Irradiation and Ion Implantation\u2013Induced Layer Transfer\u201d, Adv. Mater, vol. 18, pp. 1533\u20131536, 2006.\r\n[4]\tXinchang Wang and Zhizhen Ye et al \u201cGrowth of textured LiNbO3 thin film on Si (111) substrate by pulsed laser \u201c, International Journal of Modern Physics B, Vol. 16, pp.4343-4346, 2002.\r\n[5]\tYunbo Guo and Charles Divin et al \u201cSensitive molecular binding assay using a photonic crystal structure in total internal reflection \u201c Opt Express, vol. 16, pp. 11741\u201311749, 2008.\r\n[6]\tCarlos A. Diaz-Moreno and Rurik Farias-Mancilla et al \u201cStructural Aspects LiNbO3 Nanoparticles and Their Ferromagnetic Properties \u201c Materials, vol. 7, pp. 7217-7225, 2014.\r\n[7]\tLiang Cao and Abdelsalam Aboketaf et al \u201cHybrid amorphous silicon (a-Si:H)\u2013LiNbO3 electro-optic modulator\u201d, Optical Communication, Vol 330, pp. 40\u201344, 2014.\r\n[8]\tHongyun Chen, and Tao Lv et al \u201cDiscrete diffraction based on electro-optic effect in periodically poled lithium niobate \u201c,optical communication, vol. 294, pp. 202\u2013207, 2013.\r\n[9]\tH. Hu and R. Ricken, et al \u201cLithium niobate photonic wires \u201c Optics Express, Vol. 17, pp. 24261-24268, 2009. \r\n[10]\tAbd El\u2013Naser A. Mohamed and Mohamed A. Metawe'e \u201cUltra High Speed Semiconductor Electrooptic Modulator Devices for Gigahertz Operation in optical communication Saystems \u201c, International Electrical Engineering Journal(IEEJ), Vol 2, pp. 560-570, 2011.\r\n[11]\tP. Galinettoa and M. Marinonea et al \u201cMicro-Raman analysis on LiNbO3 substrates and surfaces: Compositional homogeneity and effects of etching and polishing processes on structural properties\u201d Optics and Lasers in Engineering, Vol. 45, pp. 380\u2013384, 2007.\r\n[12]\tTao Zhang and Biao Wang et al \u201cOptical homogeneity and second harmonic generation in Li-rich Mg-doped LiNbO3 crystals \u201c, material chemisty and physics, Vol. 88, pp. 97-101, 2004.\r\n[13]\tWooten, E.L and Kissa, K.M \u201cA eview of Lithium Niobate Modulators for Fiber-Optic Communications Systems \u201c, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, Vol. 6, pp . 69-82, 2000.\r\n[14]\tWoo-Kyung Kim and Soon-Woo Kwon et al \u201cIntegrated optical modulator for signal upconversion over radio-on-fiber link \u201c, Optics Express (C), Vol. 17, pp: 2638 -2645, 2009.\r\n[15]\tRong Lin and Yuanmei Gao et al \u201c Factors that influence the modulation instability in self-defocusing photorefractive crystal \u201coptical communication, Vol. 285, pp. 2724\u20132728, 2012.\r\n[16]\tJianping Guo, and Jiahu Zhu et al \u201cA plasmonic electro-optical variable optical attenuator based on side-coupled metal\u2013dielectric\u2013metal structure \u201c, Optical Communication, vol. 294, pp: 405\u2013408 2013.\r\n[17]\tO. P. Nautiyal and S. C. Bhatt \u201cPreparation and Characterization of Lithium Doped Silver Niobate Perovskite System \u201cAmerican Journal of Materials Science vol.1 , pp, 1-4, 2011.\r\n[18]\tV. Iyevlev and A. Kostyuchenko \"preparation and characterization of LiNbO3, grown by RF magnetron sputtering\", Journal of material science : Material in electronics, vol.22, pp. 1258-1263, 2011.\r\n[19]\tA.Z. Simo\u02dces and M.A. Zaghetea \u201cLiNbO3 thin films prepared through polymeric precursor method \u201c, Materials Letters, Vol 57, pp. 2333\u2013 2339, 2003.\r\n[20]\tA.Z. Simo\u02dcesa, and M.A. Zaghete et al \u201cInfluence of oxygen atmosphere on crystallization and properties of LiNbO3 thin films\u201d, Journal of the European Ceramic Society, Vol. 24, pp.1607\u20131613, 2004.\r\n[21]\tL. H. Wang and D. R. Yuan et al \u201c Synthesis and characterization of fine lithium niobate powders by sol- gel method\u201d, Cryst. Res. Technol, vol. 42, pp, 321 \u2013 324, 2007.\r\n[22]\tYi Lu and Peter Dekker \u201cGrowth and characterization of lithium niobate planar waveguides by liquid phase epitaxy \u201c, journal of crystal growth , vol. 311, pp. 1441\u20131445 .\r\n[23]\tYasunobu Akiyama and Katsuya Shitanaka et al, \u201cEpitaxial growth of lithium niobate film using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition\u201d, Thin Solid Films, vol. 515, pp, 4975\u20134979, 2007.\r\n[24]\tAkira Tanaka and Keiji Miyashita et al \u201cPreparation of lithium niobate films by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition with a lithium alkoxide source \u201c, Journal of crystal growth, vol. 148, pp. 324\u2013326, 1995.\r\n[25]\tSang-Chul Jung and Nobuyuki Imaishi, \u201c The growth of LiNbO3 thin film by LPMOCVD using \u03b2-diketonate complexes \u201c, Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, vol. 16, pp. 229-233, 1999.\r\n[26]\tMay Nyman and Travis M Anderson at al, \u201cComparison of Aqueous and Non-aqueous Soft-Chemical Syntheses of Lithium Niobate and Lithium Tantalate Powders \u201c, Cryst. Growth Des, vol. 9, pp: 1036\u20131040, 2009.\r\n[27]\tRyo Ageba and Yoichi Kadota et al, \u201cUltrasonically-assisted Hydrothermal Method for Ferroelectric Material Synthesis \u201c Journal of the Korean Physical Society. vol 57, pp: 918_923, 2010.\r\n[28]\tYu-Jin Kang and Se-Young Jeong et al, \u201cHetero-Epitaxial Growth of LiNbO3 Thin Film on GaN\/Al2O3 by Pulsed Laser Deposition \u201c, Journal of the Korean Physical Society, vol. 49, pp. S625_S628, 2006.\r\n[29]\tM. A. Fakhri, Y. Al-Douri, U. Hashim, E. T. Salim, Deo Prakash, K. D. Verma, \" Optical investigation of nanophotonic lithium niobate-based optical waveguide\", Applied physics B Lasers and Optics, vol. 121, pp. 107-116, 2015. \r\n[30]\tM. A. Fakhri, Y. Al-Douri, U. Hashim, E. T. Salim, \"XRD Analysis and Morphological Studies of Spin Coated LiNbO3 Nano Photonic Crystal Prepared for Optical Waveguide Application\", Advanced Materials Research, vol. 1133, 457-461, 2016.\r\n[31]\tI.-K. Jeong, \"Correlated Thermal Motion in Ferroelectric LiNbO3 Studied Using Neutron Total Scattering and a Rietveld Analysis\", Journal of the Korean Physical Society, vol. 59, pp. 2756-2759, 2011.\r\n[32]\tA.Z Sim\u00f5es, A.H.M Gonz\u00e1lez, A.A Cavalheiro, M.A Zaghete, B.D Stojanovic, J.A Varela, \"Effect of magnesium on structure and properties of LiNbO3 prepared from polymeric precursors\", Ceramics International, vol. 28, 265\u2013270, 2002.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 113, 2016"}