%0 Journal Article
	%A A. Khaleel and  S. Gao
	%D 2015
	%J International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering
	%B World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology
	%I Open Science Index 108, 2015
	%T CFD Investigation of Turbulent Mixed Convection Heat Transfer in a Closed Lid-Driven Cavity
	%U https://publications.waset.org/pdf/10003119
	%V 108
	%X Both steady and unsteady turbulent mixed convection
heat transfer in a 3D lid-driven enclosure, which has constant heat
flux on the middle of bottom wall and with isothermal moving
sidewalls, is reported in this paper for working fluid with Prandtl
number Pr = 0.71. The other walls are adiabatic and stationary. The
dimensionless parameters used in this research are Reynolds number,
Re = 5000, 10000 and 15000, and Richardson number, Ri = 1 and 10.
The simulations have been done by using different turbulent methods
such as RANS, URANS, and LES. The effects of using different k-ε
models such as standard, RNG and Realizable k-ε model are
investigated. Interesting behaviours of the thermal and flow fields
with changing the Re or Ri numbers are observed. Isotherm and
turbulent kinetic energy distributions and variation of local Nusselt
number at the hot bottom wall are studied as well. The local Nusselt
number is found increasing with increasing either Re or Ri number.
In addition, the turbulent kinetic energy is discernibly affected by
increasing Re number. Moreover, the LES results have shown good
ability of this method in predicting more detailed flow structures in
the cavity.
	%P 1572 - 1577