The Influence of Organic Waste on Vegetable Nutritional Components and Healthy Livelihood, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria

Authors: A. Abdulkadir, A. A. Okhimamhe, Y. M. Bello, H. Ibrahim, D. H. Makun, M. T. Usman

Abstract:

Household waste form a larger proportion of waste generated across the state, accumulation of organic waste is an apparent problem and the existing dump sites could be overstress. Niger state has abundant arable land and water resources thus should be one of the highest producers of agricultural crops in the country. However, the major challenge to agricultural sector today is loss of soil nutrient coupled with high cost of fertilizer. These have continued to increase the use of fertilizer and decomposed solid waste for enhance agricultural yield, which have varying effects on the soil as well a threat to human livelihood. Consequently, vegetable yield samples from poultry droppings, decomposed household waste manure, NPK treatments and control from each replication were subjected to proximate analysis to determine the nutritional and antinutritional component as well as heavy metal concentration. Data collected was analyzed using SPSS software and Randomized complete Block Design means were compared. The result shows that the treatments do not devoid the concentrations of any nutritional components while the anti-nutritional analysis proved that NPK had higher oxalate content than control and organic treats. The concentration of lead and cadmium are within safe permissible level while the mercury level exceeded the FAO/WHO maximum permissible limit for the entire treatments depicts the need for urgent intervention to minimize mercury levels in soil and manure in order to mitigate its toxic effect. Thus, eco-agriculture should be widely accepted and promoted by the stakeholders for soil amendment, higher yield, strategies for sustainable environmental protection, food security, poverty eradication, attainment of sustainable development and healthy livelihood.

Keywords: Anti-nutritional, healthy livelihood, nutritional waste, organic waste.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1109599

References:

[1] Rotich K. H., Zhao Y., and Dong J., Municipal solid waste management challenges in developing countries – Kenyan case study. Waste Management Vol. 26, Issue 1 Pp 92-100, 2006.
[2] Latifah A. M., Moh’d A.A.S., and Nur I.M. Z., Municipal solid waste management in Malaysia: Practices and challenges. Waste Management Vol. 29, Issue 11 Pp 2902-2906, 2009.
[3] Yeny D., and Yulinah T., Solid Waste Management in Asian Developing Countries: Challenges and Opportunities J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci., 2(7)329-335, 2012.
[4] Babayemi, J. O. and Dauda, K. T., Evaluation of Solid Waste Generation, Categories and Disposal Options in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Nigeria. J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 13(3) 83 – 88, 2009.
[5] Shekdar, A.V., Sustainable solid waste management: An integrated approach for Asian countries. Waste Management, 29: 1438-1448, 2009.
[6] Agamuthu P., fauziah S.H. and Kabil K., Evolution of Solid Waste Management in Malaysia; Impacts and Implications of the Waste Bill, 2007. J. Mater Cycles Waste Management. Vol.11 Pp 96-103, 2009.
[7] Imad A. K., Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries: Future Challenges and Possible Opportunities, Integrated Waste Management - Volume II, Mr. Sunil Kumar (Ed.), ISBN: 978- 953-307- 447-4 Pp 35- 48, 2011.
[8] Kadafa A. A., Latifah A.M., Abdullah H. S., and Sulaiman W. N. A. Current Status of Municipal Solid Waste Management Practise in FCT Abuja Research. Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5(6): Pp. 295-304, ISSN: 2041-0484; e-ISSN: 2041-0492, 2013.
[9] Brain D. and Ni-Bin C., Forecasting municipal solid waste generation in a fast-growing urban region with system dynamics modeling. Waste Management Vol. 25, Issue 7 Pp 669-679, 2005.
[10] Muhammad A., Zahida P., Muhammad I., Riazuddin, S. I., Mubarik A., Rashid B., Monitoring of Toxic Metals (Cadmium, Lead, Arsenic and Mercury) in Vegetables of Sindh, Pakistan, Kathmandu University Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology. 6 (2): 60-65, 2010.
[11] Abdulkadir, A. A. Okhimamhe, Y. M. Bello, H. Ibrahim, M.T. Usman and D. H. Makun Eco-Agriculture for Effective Solid Waste Management in Minna, Nigeria. Accepted for presentation at International Conference on Geography and Environmental management to be held in Rome, Italy during September, 17-18, (2015).
[12] Rehman K., Ashraf S., Rashid U. Ibrahim M., Hima S., Iftikhar T. and Ramzan S., Comparison of Proximate and Heavy Metal Contents of Vegetables Grown with Fresh and Wastewater. Pak. J. Bot., 45(2): 391- 400, 2013.
[13] Agbaire Nutritional and Anti-nutritional Levels of Some Local Vegetables (Vernomia anydalira, Manihot esculenta, Teiferia occidentalis, Talinum triangulare, Amaranthus spinosus). J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 15 (4) 625 – 628, 2011.
[14] Effiongh GS, Ogban PI, Ibia TO, Adam AA, Evaluation of Nutrient supplying Potentials of Fluted Pumpkin (Telfairia occidentalis, Hook, F.) And Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) (L.) Moench (2009). Acad. J. Plant Sci. 2(3): 209-214.
[15] UPMC (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center) (2003). Information for Patients Pittsburgh, PA, USA www.upmc.com, PDF accessed (5th Dec.2013).
[16] Noonan S.C., and Savage G.P., Oxalate Content of Foods and its Effects on Human Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr, Vol 8(1): Pp 64-74, 1999.
[17] Virginia P., Swati V., Sushma P., and Ajit P., Effect of cooking and processing methods on oxalate content of green leafy vegetables and pulses. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry 5(04), 311-314 ISSN 1906-3040, 2012.
[18] Albinhn, P.B.E. and Savage, G.P., The effect of cooking on the location and concentration of oxalate in three cultivars of New Zealand grown ocra (Oxalis tuberose Mol). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 81, 1027-1033, 2001.
[19] Amin O. I., Chibugo H. A., and Charles A. N., A Survey of Heavy Metal (Lead, Cadmium and Copper) Contents of Selected Fruit and Vegetable Crops from Borno State of Nigeria International Journal of Engineering and Science 2(1):01-05, 2013.
[20] Asaolu, S.S. and Asaolu, M.F., Trace Metal Distribution in Nigerian Leafy Vegetables. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 9(1): 91-92, 2010.
[21] Sobokola, O.P., Adeneran, O. M., Odedairo, A. A., and Kajihausa, O.E., Heavy Metal Levels of Some Fruits and Leafy Vegetables from Selected Markets in Lagos, Nigeria. African Journal of Food Science, 4(2): 383- 393, 2010.
[22] EU SCOOP (EC; European Commission) Report from Task 3.2.11: Assessment of the dietary exposure to arsenic, cadmium, lead and mercury of the population of the EU Member States. European Commission, Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection. SCOOP report, 2004.
[23] Arora M., Kiran B., Rani S., Rani A., Kaur B, et al. Heavy metal accumulation in vegetables irrigated with water from different sources. Food Chem 111: 811-815, 2008.
[24] FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, Summary and conclusions, 53rd Meeting, Rome, 1999.
[25] FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme Codex Committee on Contaminants in Foods. Fifth Session (Cf/5 Inf/1) The Hague, The Netherlands, 21 - 25 March 2011. Working Document For Information And Use In Discussions Related To Contaminants And Toxins In The Gsctff (Prepared by Japan and the Netherlands) pp 13-22, 2011.
[26] FSAI (Food Safety Authority of Ireland) Mercury, Lead, Cadmium, Tin and Arsenic in Food. Toxicology Factsheet Series; Issue No.1 pp 1-13, 2009.
[27] Mohammed. M.I., and Sharif N., Lead and Cadmium Levels of Five Commonly and Widely Consumed Leafy Vegetables in Kano State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 19(2): 304-307, 2011.