Pioneer Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Containing Hard Materials
Commenced in January 2007
Frequency: Monthly
Edition: International
Paper Count: 32804
Pioneer Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Containing Hard Materials

Authors: G. Çelik Gül, F. Kurtuluş

Abstract:

The first laboratory synthesis of hard materials such as diamond proceeded to attack of developing materials with high hardness to compete diamond. Boron rich solids are good candidates owing to their short interatomic bond lengths and strong covalent character. Boron containing hard material was synthesized by modifiedmicrowave method under nitrogen atmosphere by using a fuel (glycine or urea), amorphous boron and/or boric acid in appropriate molar ratio. Characterizations were done by x-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive analyze (SEM/EDS), thermo gravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA).

Keywords: Boron containing materials, hard materials, microwave synthesis, powder X-ray diffraction.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1109085

Procedia APA BibTeX Chicago EndNote Harvard JSON MLA RIS XML ISO 690 PDF Downloads 2134

References:


[1] H. Sun, S. Jhi, D. Roundy, M. L. Cohen, and S. G. Louie, “Structural Forms of Cubic BC2N,” Ohys. Rev. B, vol. 64, no. 9, pp. 094108, Sep. 2001.
[2] H. T. Hall, and L. A. Compton, “Group IV Analogs and High-Pressure, High Temperature Synthesis of B2O,” Inorg. Chem., vol. 4, pp. 1213‒ 1216, Oct. 1965.
[3] R. H. Wentorf, R. C. DeVries, and F.P. Bundy, “Sintered Superhard Materials,” Science, vol. 208, no. 4446, pp. 873‒880, May 1980.
[4] A. Y. Liu, and M. L. Cohen, “Prediction of New Low Compressibility Solids,” Science, vol. 245, no. 4920, pp. 841‒842, Aug. 1989.
[5] H. Hubert, B. Devouard, L. A. J. Garvie, M. O. Keeffe, P. R. Buesck, W. T. Petuskeyet al., “Icosahedral Packing of B12 Icosahedra in Boron Suboxide (B6O),” Nature, vol. 391, no. 6665, pp. 376‒378, Feb. 1998.
[6] X. Jiao, H. Jin, F. Liu, Z. Ding, B. Yang, F. Lu et al., “Synthesis of Boron Suboxide (B6O) with Ball Milled Boron Oxide (B2O3) under Lower Pressure and Temperature,” J. Solid State Chem.,vol. 183, no. 7, pp. 1697‒1703, July 2010.
[7] D. He, Y. Zhao, L. Daemen, J. Qian, and T.D. Shen, “Boron Suboxide: as Hard as Cubic Boron Nitride,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 81, no. 4, pp. 643‒645, July 2002.
[8] T. Lundsröm, and Y.G. Andreev, “Superhard Boron-Rich Borides and Studies of the B_C_N System,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, vol. 209, no. 1‒2, pp. 16‒22, May 1996.
[9] E. Parthe, Crystal Chemistry of Tetrahedral Structures. Gordon and Breach, Science Publishers: New York, 1964.
[10] N. A. Goryanova, The Chemistry of Diamond Like Semiconductors. Edited by J. C. Anderson, Chapman and Hall, London, 1965.
[11] H. T. Hall, and L. A. Compton, “Group IV Analogs and High Pressure, High Temperature Synthesis of B2O,” Inorg. Chem., vol. 4, pp. 1213‒ 1216, Aug. 1965.
[12] S. Veprek, A. Zeer, and R. Riedel, Handbook of Ceramic Hard Materials. Edited by R. Riedel Wiley, Weinheim, 2000.
[13] C. M. Sung, and M. Sung, “Carbon Nitride and Other Speculative Superhard Materials,” Mater. Chem. Phys., vol. 43, no. 1, pp. 1‒18, Jan. 1996.
[14] P. F. McMillan, “New Materials from High-Pressure Experiments,” Nat. Mater., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 19‒25, Sep. 2002.
[15] H. Hubert, L. A. J. Garvie, B. Devouard, P. R. Buseck, W. T. Petuskey, and P. F. McMillan, “High-Pressure, High-Temperature Synthesis and Characterization of Boron Suboxide (B6O),” Chem. Mater., vol. 10, no. 6, pp. 1530‒1537, June 1998.
[16] M. Kobayashi, I. Higashi, C. Brodhag, and F. Thevenot, “Crystal Structure of B6O,” J. Mater. Sci., vol. 28, no. 8 pp. 2129‒2134, June 1993.
[17] S. Lee, S. W. Kim, D. M. Bylander, and L. Kleinman, “Crystal Structure, Formation Enthalpy, and Energy Bands of B6O,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 44, no. 8, pp. 3550‒3554, Aug. 1991.
[18] H. F. Rizzo, W. C. Simmons, and H. O. Bielstein, “The Existence and Formation of the Solid B6O,” J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 109, no. 11, pp. 1079‒1082, 1962.
[19] C. E. Hayashi, G. T. Emond, S. Y. Kuo, “Abrasiom of Surfaces with Boron Suboxide, U.S. Patent 920357, 1994.
[20] T. Lundström, “Structure and Bulk Modulus of High-Strength Boron Compounds,” J. Solid State Chem., vol. 133, no. 1, pp. 88‒92, Oct. 1997.
[21] D. He, M. Akaishi, B. L. Scott, and Y. Zhao, “Growth of Boron Suboxide Crystals in the B–B2O3 System at High Pressure and High Temperature,” J. Mater. Res. vol. 17, no. 2, 284‒290, Feb. 2002.
[22] X. Liu, X. Zhao, W. Hou, W. Su, “A New Route for the Synthesis of Boron Suboxide B7O,” J. Alloys Comp., vol. 223, no. 1, pp. L7-L9, May 1995.
[23] A. R. Barzidan, “Cubic Boron Nitride - Diamond Mixed Crystals,” Mater. Res. Bull. vol. 16, no.11, pp.1385‒1393, Nov. 1981.
[24] S. Nakano, M. Akaishi, T. Sasaki, and S. Yamaoka, “Segregative Crystallization of Several Diamond-Like Phases from the Graphitic BC2N without an Additive at 7.7 GPa,” Chem. Mater., vol. 6, no. 12, pp. 2246‒2251, Dec. 1994.
[25] E. Knittle, R. B. Kaner, R. Jeanloz, and M. L. Cohen, “High-Pressure Synthesis, Characterization, and Equation of State of Cubic C-BN Solid Solutions,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 51, no. 18, pp. 12149‒12156, May 1995.
[26] T. Komatsu, M. Nomura, Y. Kakudate, and S. Fujiwara, “Synthesis and Characterization of a Shock-Synthesized Cubic B–C–N Solid Solution of Composition BC2.5N,” J. Mater. Chem., vol. 6, pp. 1799‒1803, 1996.
[27] V. L. Solozhenko, D. Andrault, G. Fiquet, M. Mezouar, and D. C. Rubie, “Synthesis of Superhard Cubic BC2N,” Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 78, pp. 1385‒1387, Nov. 2000.
[28] V. Srikanth, R. Roy, E. K. Graham, and D. E. Voigt, “BxO: Phases Present at High Pressure and Temperature,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 74, no. 12, pp. 3145‒3147, Mar. 2005.
[29] M. Olofsson, and T. Lundström, “Synthesis and Structure of Non- Stoichiometric B6O,” J. Alloys Compd., vol. 257, no. 1‒2, pp. 91‒95, July 1997.
[30] H. Itoh, I. Maekawa, and H. Iwahara, “High Pressure Sintering of B6O Powder and Properties of Sintered Compact,” J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn., vol. 47, no. 10, pp. 1000‒1005, Oct. 1998.
[31] H. Itoh, R. Yamamoto, and H. Iwahara, “B6O–c-BN Composites Prepared by High-Pressure Sintering,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 83, no. 3, pp. 501‒506, Mar. 2000.
[32] T. Taniguchi, M. Akaishi, and S. Yamaoka, “Sintering of Cubic Boron Nitride without Additives at 7.7 GPa and above 2000 °C,” J. Mater. Res., vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 162‒169, Jan. 1999.
[33] H. Saitoh, K. Yoshida, and W. Yarbrough, “Crystal Structure of New Composition Boron-Rich Boron Nitride using Raman Spectroscopy,” J. Mater. Res., vol. 8, no. 1 ,pp. 8‒11, Dec. 1993.
[34] D. M. Teter, and R. J. Hemley, “Low-Compressibility Carbon Nitrides,” Science, vol. 271. no. 1 ,pp. 53‒55, Jan. 1996.
[35] J. Haines, J. M. Leger, and G. Bocquilon, “Synthesis and Design of Superhard Materials,” Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci., vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 1‒23, Aug. 2001.
[36] H. Huppertz, S. Altmonnshofer, and G. Heymann, “High-Pressure Preparation, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the New Rare-Earth Oxoborate β-Dy2B4O9,” J. Solid State Chem., vol. 170, no. 2, pp. 320‒ 329, Feb. 2003.
[37] F. D. Kurtuluş, “Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Containing Borate, Phosphate and Borophosphate Compounds by Hydrothermal and Microwave Methods,” PhD thesis, 2003, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[38] G. Güzel, “Synthesis of Some Type of Lithium and Boron Rich Chemical Compounds and Analyzed Theirs Structural Properties by XRD,” MSc. thesis, 2006, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[39] G. Zhang, Y. Wu, P. Fu, G. Wang, H. Liu, G. Fan, and C. Chen, “A New Sodium Samarium Borate Na3Sm2(BO3)3,” J. Phys. Chem. Solid, vol. 63, no. 1, pp. 145‒149, Jan. 2002.
[40] S. Lemanceau, G. C. Bertrand, R. Mahiou, M. El-Ghozzi, J. C. Cousseins, P. Conflnt, and R. N. Vannier, “Synthesis and Characterization of H-LnBO3orthoborates (Ln=La, Nd, Sm, and Eu),” J. Solid State Chem.,vol. 148, no. 2, pp. 229‒235, Dec. 1999.
[41] B. Tekin, “Syntheses and Structural Characterization of Certain Compound of Metal Borates, Phosphates and Borophosphates,” PhD thesis, 2007, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[42] Y. Shi, J. Liang, H. Zhang, J. Yang, W. Zhuang, and G. Rao, “X-Ray Powder Diffraction and Vibrational Spectra Studies of Rare Earth Borophosphates, Ln7O6(BO3)(PO4)2(Ln=La, Nd, Gd, and Dy),” J. Solid State Chem.,vol. 129, no. 1, pp. 45‒52, Feb. 1997.
[43] M. Yerli, “The Synthesis and Characterization of Some Metal Containing Borate, Phosphate and Vanadate Compounds,” MSc. thesis, 2009, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[44] S. Sarıkaya Gacanoğlu, “The Solid State Chemical Synthesis and Characterization Studies of Some New Type Double Metal Orthoborate Compounds,” PhD thesis, 2009, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[45] Y. Zhang, X. L. Chen, J. K. Liang, and T. Xu, “Synthesis and Structural Study of New Rare Earth Sodium Borates Na3Ln(BO3)2 (Ln=Y, Gd),” J. Alloys and Comp., vol. 333, no. 1‒2, pp. 72‒75, Feb. 2002.
[46] M. Taşdemir, “Some Theorical Applications of Rietveld Analysis via GSAS Computer Program on Powder Crystal Systems,” MSc. Thesis, 2008, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[47] G. Gözel, A. Baykal, M. Kızılyallı, and R. Kniep, “Optimizing the Dispersion on an Alumina Suspension Using Commercial Polyvalent Electrolyte Dispersants,” J. Europ. Ceram. Soc., vol. 18, no. 14, pp. 2241‒2247, Dec. 1998.
[48] G. Çelik, “The Synthesis and Characterizations Some Types of Vanadate, Borate and Phosphate Compounds which Contains Some Single or Double Metal Atoms,” MSc. thesis, 2010, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[49] K. Nakomato, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, A Willey-Interscience Publication, John Wiley and Sons, 1986.
[50] Ş. Somunkıranoğlu, “The Synthesis and Characterization of Oxide and Vanadate Types of Compounds Containing Some Double Metals,” MSc. Thesis, 2014, Balıkesir University, Turkey.
[51] A. Baykal, M. Kızılyallı, G. Gözel, and R. Kniep, “Synthesis of Strontium Borophosphate, SrBPO5 by Solid State and Hydrothermal Methods and Characterization,” Crys. Res. Technol., vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 247‒254, March 2000.
[52] A. Baykal, and M. Kızılyallı, “X-Ray Powder Diffraction and IR Study of NaMg(H2O)2{BP2O8}·H2O and NH4Mg(H2O)2{BP2O8}·H2O,” J. Mater. Science, vol. 35, no. 18, pp. 4621‒4626, Sep. 2000.