Influence of MgO Physically Mixed with Tungsten Oxide Supported Silica Catalyst on Coke Formation

Authors: T. Thitiapichart, P. Praserthdama

Abstract:

The effect of additional magnesium oxide (MgO) was investigated by using the tungsten oxide supported on silica catalyst (WOx/SiO2) physically mixed with MgO in a weight ratio 1:1. The both fresh and spent catalysts were characterized by FT-Raman spectrometer, UV-Vis spectrometer, X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed oxidation (TPO). The results indicated that the additional MgO could enhance the conversion of trans-2-butene due to isomerization reaction. However, adding MgO would increase the amount of coke deposit on the WOx/SiO2 catalyst. The TPO profile presented two peaks when the WOx/SiO2 catalyst was physically mixed with MgO. The further peak was suggested that came from coke precursor could be produced by isomerization reaction of undesired product. Then, the occurred coke precursor could deposit and form coke on the acid catalyst.

Keywords: Coke formation, metathesis, magnesium oxide, physically mix.

Digital Object Identifier (DOI): doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1106017

References:

[1] T.I. Bhuiyan, P. Arudra, M.N. Akhtar, A.M. Aitani, R.H. Abudawoud, M.A. Al-Yami, S.S. Al-Khattaf, Metathesis of 2-butene to propylene over W-mesoporous molecular sieves: A comparative study between tungsten containing MCM-41 and SBA-15, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 467, pp.224-234, 2013.
[2] J.C. Mol, Industrial applications of olefin metathesis, Journal of Molecular Catalysis A: Chemical, vol. 213, pp.39-45, 2004.
[3] D. Hua, S.-L. Chen, G. Yuan, Y. Wang, Q. Zhao, X. Wang, B. Fu, Metathesis of butene to propene and pentene over WO3/MTS-9, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 143, pp.320-325, 2011.
[4] N. Liu, S. Ding, Y. Cui, N. Xue, L. Peng, X. Guo, W. Ding, Optimizing activity of tungsten oxides for 1-butene metathesis by depositing silica on γ-alumina support, Chemical Engineering Research and Design, vol. 91, pp.573-580, 2013.
[5] M. Zheng, S.-L. Chen, J.-H. Zhang, Y. Liu, L. Sang, J. You, X.-D. Wang, Influence of catalyst support structure on ethene/decene metathesis and coke formation over WO3/SiO2 catalyst, Pet. Sci., vol. 10, pp.112-119, 2013.
[6] Q. Zhao, S.-L. Chen, J. Gao, C. Xu, Effect of tungsten oxide loading on metathesis activity of ethene and 2-butene over WO3/SiO2 catalysts, Transition Met Chem, vol. 34, pp.621-627, 2009.
[7] V.M. Benitez, C.A. Querini, N.S. Fı́goli, Characterization of WOx/Al2O3 and MoOx/Al2O3 catalysts and their activity and deactivation during skeletal isomerization of 1-butene, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 252, pp.427-436, 2003.
[8] S. Huang, S. Liu, W. Xin, S. Xie, Q. Wang, L. Xu, Effect of Reaction Temperature and Pressure on the Metathesis Reaction between Ethene and 2-Butene to Propene on the WO3/Al2O3-HY Catalyst, Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 15, pp.93-99, 2006.
[9] H. Liu, L. Zhang, X. Li, S. Huang, S. Liu, W. Xin, S. Xie, L. Xu, Production of propene from 1-butene metathesis reaction on tungsten based heterogeneous catalysts, Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry, vol. 18, pp.331-336, 2009.
[10] E. Mazoyer, K.C. Szeto, N. Merle, S. Norsic, O. Boyron, J.-M. Basset, M. Taoufik, C.P. Nicholas, Study of ethylene/2-butene cross-metathesis over W-H/Al2O3 for propylene production: Effect of the temperature and reactant ratios on the productivity and deactivation, Journal of Catalysis, vol. 301, pp.1-7, 2013.
[11] D.J. Moodley, C. van Schalkwyk, A. Spamer, J.M. Botha, A.K. Datye, Coke formation on WO3/SiO2 metathesis catalysts, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 318, pp.155-159, 2007.
[12] A. Spamer, T.I. Dube, D.J. Moodley, C. van Schalkwyk, J.M. Botha, The reduction of isomerisation activity on a WO3/SiO2 metathesis catalyst, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 255, pp.153-167, 2003.
[13] Y. Wang, Q. Chen, W. Yang, Z. Xie, W. Xu, D. Huang, Effect of support nature on WO3/SiO2 structure and butene-1 metathesis, Applied Catalysis A: General, vol. 250, pp.25-37, 2003.
[14] B. Hu, H. Liu, K. Tao, C. Xiong, S. Zhou, Highly Active Doped Mesoporous KIT-6 Catalysts for Metathesis of 1-Butene and Ethene to Propene: The Influence of Neighboring Environment of W Species, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 117, pp.26385-26395, 2013.
[15] W. Limsangkass, P. Praserthdam, S. Phatanasri, J. Panpranot, N. Poovarawan, W. Jareewatchara, S. Kunjara Na Ayudhya, K. Suriye, Comparative Effect of Nano-Sized ZrO2 and TiO2 Additional Supports in Silica-Supported Tungsten Catalysts on Performance in Metathesis of Ethylene and 2-Butene to Propylene, Catal Lett, vol. 144, pp.1524-1529, 2014.
[16] N. Poovarawan, K. Suriye, S. Ayudhya, J. Punpranot, F. Aires, P. Praserthdam, Effect of 2-Butene Cis/Trans Isomers in the Metathesis of Ethylene and 2-Butene Over WO3/SiO2 Catalysts, Catal Lett, vol. 144, pp.920-927, 2014.
[17] A.J. Van Roosmalen, J.C. Mol, Active centers for the metathesis and isomerization of alkenes on tungsten-oxide/silica catalysts, Journal of Catalysis, vol. 78, pp.17-23, 1982.
[18] J. Puriwat, W. Chaitree, K. Suriye, S. Dokjampa, P. Praserthdam, J. Panpranot, Elucidation of the basicity dependence of 1-butene isomerization on MgO/Mg(OH)2 catalysts, Catalysis Communications, vol. 12, pp.80-85, 2010.
[19] L. Forni, V. Solinas, R. Monaci, Deactivation of Y-zeolite catalysts by coking in methylnaphthalene isomerization, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 26, pp.1860-1864, 1987.