{"title":"Antioxidative Potential of Aqueous Extract of Ocimum americanum L. Leaves: An in vitro and in vivo Evaluation","authors":"B. T. Aluko, O. I. Oloyede","volume":98,"journal":"International Journal of Medical and Health Sciences","pagesStart":180,"pagesEnd":186,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10000584","abstract":"
Ocimum americanum L (Lamiaceae) is an annual herb
\r\nthat is native to tropical Africa. The in vitro and in vivo antioxidant
\r\nactivity of its aqueous extract was carefully investigated by assessing
\r\nthe DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging
\r\nactivity and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. The
\r\nreducing power, total phenol, total flavonoids and flavonols content
\r\nof the extract were also evaluated. The data obtained revealed that the
\r\nextract is rich in polyphenolic compounds and scavenged the radicals
\r\nin a concentration dependent manner. This was done in comparison
\r\nwith the standard antioxidants such as BHT and Vitamin C. Also, the
\r\ninduction of oxidative damage with paracetamol (2000 mg\/kg)
\r\nresulted in the elevation of lipid peroxides and significant (P < 0.05)
\r\ndecrease in activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione
\r\nperoxidase, glutathione reductase and catalase in the liver and kidney
\r\nof rats. However, the pretreatment of rats with aqueous extract of O.
\r\namericanum leaves (200 and 400 mg\/kg) and silymarin (100 mg\/kg)
\r\ncaused a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the values of lipid
\r\nperoxides and restored the levels of antioxidant parameters in these
\r\norgans. These findings suggest that the leaves of O. americanum have
\r\npotent antioxidant properties which may be responsible for its
\r\nacclaimed folkloric uses.<\/p>\r\n","references":"[1] A. Jayachitra and N. Krithiga, \u201cStudy on antioxidant property in selected\r\nmedicinal plant extract,\u201d International Journal of Medicinal and\r\nAromatic Plants, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 495\u2013500, 2010.\r\n[2] K. Hensley, K.A. Robinson, S.P. Gabbita, S. Salsman, and R.A. Floyd,\r\n\u2018\u2019Reactive oxygen species, cell signaling, and cell injury\u2019\u2019, Free Radic\r\nBiol Med. Vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 1456\u20131462, 2000.\r\n[3] A. Manea, A. Fortuno and J. L. Martin-Ventura, \u201cOxidative stress in\r\ncardiovascular pathologies: genetics, cellular, and molecular\r\nmechanisms and future antioxidant therapies\u2019\u2019, Oxid. Med. Cell Longev.\r\nvol. 2012, pp. 373450, 2012.\r\n[4] J. F. Turrens, \u201cMitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species\u201d, J.\r\nPhysiol. Vol. 552, no. 2, pp. 335\u2013344, 2003.\r\n[5] V. R. Patel, P. R. Patel, and S. S. Kajal, \u201cAntioxidant activity of some\r\nselected medicinal plants in western region India,\u201d Advances in\r\nBiological Research, vol. 4, pp. 23\u201326, 2010.\r\n[6] F. Aqil, I. Ahmad, and Z. Mehmood, \u201cAntioxidant and free radical\r\nscavenging properties of twelve traditionally used Indian medicinal\r\nplants,\u201d Turkish Journal of Biology, vol. 30, no. 3, pp. 177\u2013183, 2006.\r\n[7] S. A. Ganie, A. Haq, A. Masood, A. Hamid, and M. A. Zargar,\r\n\u201cAntioxidant and protective effect of ethyl acetate extract of\r\nPodophyllum hexandrum rhizome on carbon tetrachloride induced rat\r\nliver injury\u201d, Evid. Based. Complement. Altern. Med. Vol. 2011 pp. 1 \u2013\r\n12, 2011\r\n[8] J. Steel, \u201cPerfumeros and the sacred use of fragrance in amazonian\r\nshamanism\". The smell culture reader, edited by Jim Drobnick Berg\r\npublishers.2006; Pp 23.\r\n[9] N.J. Hogarh, \u201cEffect of Ocimum canum aqueous extract on experimental\r\ndiabetes mellitus. BSc Research Project Report, Department of\r\nBiochemistry, University of Ghana, Accra.1996.\r\n[10] I.H.N. Bassole, R. Nebie, A. Savadogo, C.T. Ouattara, N. Barro and\r\nS.A. Traore, \u201cComposition and antimicrobial activities of the leaf and\r\nflower essential oils of Lippia chevalieri and Ocimum canum from\r\nBukinafaso\u201d, Afr. J. Biotech. 2005, vol. 4 no. 10, pp. 1156-1160, 2005.\r\n[11] G. Oboh, \u201cAntioxidative potential of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum\r\ncanum leaf polyphenols and protective effects on some pro-oxidants\r\ninduced lipid peroxidation in rat brain: An in vitro study\u201d, American J.\r\nFood Technol. vol.3 no. 5, pp. 325-334, 2008.\r\n[12] B.T. Aluko, O.I. Oloyede and A.J. Afolayan , \u201cPolyphenolic contents\r\nand free radical scavenging potential of extracts from leaves of Ocimum\r\namericanum L\u201d, Paki. J. Biol. Sci. vol. 16 no. 1, pp. 22 \u2013 30, 2013\r\n[13] A..A..L. Ordonez, J.D. Gomez, M.A. Vattuone and M.I. Isla,\r\n\u201cAntioxidant activities of Sechiumedule (Jacq.) Swartz extracts\u201d, Food\r\nChem. Vol. 97, pp. 452-458, 2006.\r\n[14] A. Kumaran and R.J. Karunakaran, \u201cIn vitro antioxidant activities of\r\nmethanol extracts of five Phyllanthus species from India\u201d, Food Sci.\r\nTechnol. vol. 40, pp. 344-352, 2007.\r\n[15] Q.A. Nazari, T. Kume, N. Izuo, Y. Takada-Takatori, A. Imaizumi, T.\r\nHashimoto, Y. Izumi, A. Akaike, \u201cNeuroprotective effects of curcumin\r\nand highly bioavailable curcumin on oxidative stress induced by sodium\r\nnitroprusside in rat striatal cell culture\u201d, Biol. Pharm. Bull. Vol. 36, no.8,\r\npp. 1356\u20131362, 2013.\r\n[16] R. Re, N. Pellegrini, A. Proteggente, A. Pannala, M. Yang and C. Rice-\r\nEvans, \u201cAntioxidant activity applying an improved ABTS radical cation\r\ndecolorization assay\u201d Free Radic. Biol. Med. Vol. 26, pp. 1231-1237,\r\n1999.\r\n[17] S. J. Heo, E.J. Park, K.W. Lee and Y.J. Jeon, \u201cAntioxidant activities of\r\nenzymatic extracts from brown seaweeds\u201d, Bioresour. Technol. vol. 96,\r\nno. 14, pp. 1613\u20131623, 2005.\r\n[18] W.G. Niehaus and B. Samuelsson, \u201cFormation of malondialdehyde from\r\nphospholipids arachidonate during microsomal lipid peroxidation\u201d Eur.\r\nJ. Biochem. Vol. 6, pp. 126-130, 1968\r\n[19] D.E. Paglia and W.N. Valentine, \u201cStudies on the quantitative and\r\nqualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase\u201d Lab.\r\nClin. Med. Vol. 70, pp. 158-169, 1967.\r\n[20] D.M. Goldberg and R.J. Spooner, \u201cGlutathione reductase.. In:\r\nBergmeyer HU, Bergmeyer J GraBl M.(ed). Methods of enzymatic\r\nanalysis, 3rd ed., vol. 111. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 258 -265, 1983.\r\n[21] A.K. Sinha, \u201cColorimetric assay of catalase\u201d, Anal. Biochem. Vol. 47,\r\npp. 389 \u2013 394, 1972.\r\n[22] J. Iqbal, S. Zaib, U. Farooq, A. Khan and I. Bibi, \u201cAntioxidant,\r\nAntimicrobial, and Free Radical Scavenging Potential of Aerial Parts of\r\nPeriploca aphylla and Ricinus communis\u201d, ISRN Pharmacol. Vol. 2012,\r\npp. 563267, 2012.\r\n[23] G. Milliauskas, P.R. Venskutonis and T.A. Van-Beek, \u201cScreening of\r\nradical scavenging activity of some medicinal and aromatic plant\r\nextracts\u201d Food Chem. Vol. 85, pp. 231-237, 2004.\r\n[24] S.O. Oyedemi, G. Bradley and A.J. Afolayan, \u201cIn vitro and in vivo\r\nantioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Strychnos henningsii Gilg\u201d,\r\nAfr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. Vol. 4, pp. 70-78, 2010.\r\n[25] R.B. Walker and J.O. Everette, \u201cComparative reaction rates of various\r\nantioxidants with ABTS radical cation\u201d J. Agric. Food Chem. Vol. 57,\r\nno. 4, 1156-1161, 2009.\r\n[26] K.H. Reddy, P.V.G.K Aharma and O.V.S. Reddy, \u201cA comparative in\r\nvitro study on antifungal and antioxidant activities of Nervilia aragoana\r\nand Atlantia monophylla\u201d, Pharm. Biol. Vol. 48, pp. 595-602, 2010.\r\n[27] S.G. Hart, W.P. Beierschmitt, D.S. Wyand, E.A. Khairallah, S.D. Cohen,\r\n\u201cAcetaminophen nephrotoxicity in CD-1 mice. I. Evidence of a role for\r\nin situ activation in selective covalent binding and toxicity\u201d Toxicol.\r\nAppl. Pharmacol. Vol. 126, no. 2, 267-275, 1994.\r\n[28] K. Boutis and M. Shannon, \u201cNephrotoxicity after acute severe\r\nacetaminophen poisoning in adolescents\u201d J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. Vol.\r\n39, no. 5, pp. 441-445, 2001.\r\n[29] Z. Abdul Hamid, B. B. Siti, J. Ng Wen, H. Asmah, H. Khairana, and\r\nJamaludin, M. \u201cNephroprotective effects of Zingiber zerumbet Smith\r\nethyl acetate extract against paracetamol-induced nephrotoxicity and\r\noxidative stress in rats\u201d J. Zhejiang Univ-Sci. B. (Biomed. &\r\nBiotechnol.) vol. 13, no. 3, 176-185, 2012.\r\n[30] M. Kanter, I. Meral, S. Dede, H. Gunduz, M. Cemek, H. Ozbek and I.\r\nUygan, \u201cEffects of Nigella sativa L. and Urtica dioica L. on lipid\r\nperoxidation, antioxidant enzyme systems and some liver enzymes in\r\nCCl4-treated rats\u201d, J. Vet. Med. Physiol. Pathol. Clin. Med. Vol. 50, pp.\r\n264-268, 2003.\r\n[31] S. Santhosh, R Anandan, T.K. Sini, P.T. Mathew and T.K. Thankappan,\r\n\u201cBiochemical studies on the antiulcer effect of glucosamine on\r\nantioxidant defense status in experimentally induced peptic ulcer in\r\nrats\u201d, J. Glin. Biochem. Nutr. Vol.37, pp. 61 \u2013 66, 2005","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 98, 2015"}